Constraining the Timing and Nature of Life's Emergence in Extrema: the Geology and Geochemistry of Akilia Island, West Greenland

限制极值中生命出现的时间和性质：西格陵兰阿基利亚岛的地质和地球化学

• 批准号: 9978241
• 负责人: Stephen Mojzsis
• 金额: $ 16.74万
• 依托单位: University of California-Los Angeles
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-01-01 至 2002-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9978241&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Constraining; Timing; Nature; Life; Emergence

Stephen J. Mojzsis, T. Mark Harrison, Craig E. ManningThe emergence of the first life on Earth can be viewed as having occurred in the context of an extreme environment at the global scale. A detailed program of fieldwork and geochronological studies coupled with stable isotopic (C, N, S) investigations is used to explore the oldest known marine sedimentary rocks, from southern West Greenland, that contain a record of these earliest times. These rocks are between 3.7 and 3.9 billion years old. A two-pronged approach is taken to study the sedimentary record of Earth's earliest extreme environments. First, P. Is.' are revealing the geological context and history of the rocks related to petrogenesis and subsequent protracted metamorphism from field studies, metamorphic petrologic observations, and U-Pb zircon geochronological investigations. Second, their study searches for isotopic tracers in the form of C, N, and S fractionations induced by life and preserved in the oldest sediments. P.Is.' view is that these two approaches together will lead the advance in understanding the extremes of early environments for life on Earth. This research is utilizing new ultra-high resolution mass spectrometric techniques (MC-SIMS, C-GC-IRMS, LEC-SMS) developed by UCLA and project collaborators to make these measurements. With this work, the number of biogeochemical tools will increase in power and diversity for detecting potential evidence for early life and the timing of its appearance, in older rocks from Earth when they are found, and eventually in samples from other worlds, like Mars, and Europa.

Stephen J. Mojzsis，T.马克哈里森，克雷格E。地球上第一个生命的出现可以被看作是在全球范围内极端环境的背景下发生的。 详细的野外工作和地质年代学研究，加上稳定同位素（C，N，S）的调查方案，用于探索已知最古老的海洋沉积岩，从西格陵兰岛南部，包含这些最早的时间记录。 这些岩石的年龄在37亿到39亿年之间。 采取双管齐下的方法来研究地球最早极端环境的沉积记录。 先是私家侦探。通过野外研究、变质岩石学观察和锆石U-Pb年代学研究，揭示了与岩石成因和随后的长期变质作用有关的岩石的地质背景和历史。 其次，他们的研究以生命诱导的C、N和S分馏的形式寻找同位素示踪剂，并保存在最古老的沉积物中。 P.Is.”的观点是，这两种方法结合在一起将导致理解地球上生命早期环境的极端。 这项研究利用了UCLA和项目合作者开发的新的超高分辨率质谱技术（MC-SIMS，C-GC-IRMS，LEC-SMS）来进行这些测量。 有了这项工作，地球化学工具的数量将增加力量和多样性，以检测早期生命的潜在证据及其出现的时间，在地球上发现的更古老的岩石中，并最终在其他世界的样本中，如火星和欧罗巴。