Foraging Ecology of Crabeater Seals (Lobodon Carcinophagus)

食蟹海豹（Lobodon Carcinophagus）的觅食生态

• 批准号: 9981683
• 负责人: Daniel Costa
• 金额: $ 18.39万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-15 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9981683&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Foraging; Ecology; Crabeater; Seals; Lobodon

The U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (U.S. GLOBEC) program has the goal of understanding and ultimately predicting how populations of marine animal species respond to natural and anthropogenic changes in climate. Research in the Southern Ocean (SO) indicates strong coupling between climatic processes and ecosystem dynamics via the annual formation and destruction of sea ice. The Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program (SO GLOBEC) will investigate the dynamic relationship between physical processes and ecosystem responses through identification of critical parameters that affect the distribution, abundance and population dynamics of target species. The overall goals of the SO GLOBEC program are to elucidate shelf circulation processes and their effect on sea ice formation and krill distribution, and to examine the factors which govern krill survivorship and availability to higher trophic levels, including penguins, seals and whales. The focus of the U.S. contribution to the international SO GLOBEC program will be on winter processes. This component will focus on the distribution and foraging behavior of adult female crabeater seals, using a combination of satellite-linked tracking, specialized diver recorders, and stable isotopic tracers. This research will be coordinated with components focused on prey (krill) distribution and the physical environment. The results will be analyzed using an optimality model. The result of the integrated SO GLOBEC program will be to improve the predictability of living marine resources, especially with respect to local and global climatic shifts.

美国全球海洋生态系统动态（U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics，简称GLOBEC）项目的目标是了解并最终预测海洋动物种群对自然和人为气候变化的反应。在南大洋（SO）的研究表明，气候过程和生态系统动力学之间的强耦合通过每年海冰的形成和破坏。南大洋GLOBEC计划（SO GLOBEC）将通过确定影响目标物种分布、丰度和种群动态的关键参数，研究物理过程与生态系统响应之间的动态关系。SO GLOBEC项目的总体目标是阐明大陆架环流过程及其对海冰形成和磷虾分布的影响，并研究影响磷虾生存和向更高营养水平（包括企鹅、海豹和鲸鱼）供应的因素。美国对国际SO GLOBEC项目的贡献重点将放在冬季过程上。这部分将重点关注成年雌性食蟹海豹的分布和觅食行为，使用卫星连接跟踪，专业潜水员记录仪和稳定同位素示踪剂的组合。这项研究将与猎物（磷虾）分布和自然环境的组成部分相协调。结果将使用最优性模型进行分析。综合SO GLOBEC计划的结果将是提高海洋生物资源的可预测性，特别是对当地和全球气候变化的可预测性。