Explosive Behavior of Lava Domes

熔岩穹窿是层状火山和破火山口最常见的喷发产物之一。现有的模型表明，圆顶坍塌事件的能量取决于熔岩的挥发性含量和圆顶外壳的强度。拟议的研究将综合现有的和新的现场观测、地球化学分析、实验室模拟、流变测量和数值模拟，以更好地量化那些导致看似无害的熔岩圆顶爆炸活动的因素。将进行五项单独的任务，以跟踪圆顶岩浆的迁移和控制其爆炸性的因素。这些组件的结果将并行开发，以便项目的一部分可以通知和指导其他部分。我们将尝试整合，并在某些情况下收集，新圆顶喷发的新观测结果，以验证我们的模型。我们将利用最近发表和出版的关于蒙特塞拉特Soufriere山喷发的广泛新结果和相关概念进展。这项多方面的研究工作应该有助于通过识别那些具有最大破坏性潜力的熔岩穹丘或熔岩穹丘的一部分来减轻火山危害。

Fink EAR-0001015Lava domes are among the most common eruption products of stratovolcanoes and calderas. Existing models suggest that the energy of a dome collapse event depends on the lava volatile content and strength of the dome's carapace. The proposed research will synthesize both existing and new field observations, geochemical analyses, laboratory simulations, rheological measurements, and numerical modeling to better quantify those factors that lead to explosive activity at seemingly benign lava domes. Five individual tasks will be undertaken that track the migration of dome magmas and the factors that control their explosivity. The results of these components will be developed in parallel so that one part of the project can inform and guide the others. We will attempt to integrate, and in some cases collect, fresh observations of new dome eruptions to validate our models. We will take advantage of extensive new results and associated conceptual advances recently published and in press from the Soufriere Hills eruption in Montserrat. This multifaceted research effort should help mitigate volcanic hazards by identifying those lava domes, or parts of lava domes, with the greatest destructive potential.