COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Diversity Partitioning during a Marine Biotic Invasion: Middle and Late Ordovician, Cincinnati Arch and Nashville Dome

合作研究：海洋生物入侵期间的多样性划分：奥陶世中晚期、辛辛那提拱门和纳什维尔圆顶

• 批准号: 0087084
• 负责人: Mark Patzkowsky
• 金额: $ 5.5万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-02-15 至 2005-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0087084&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: COLLABORATIVE; RESEARCH; Diversity; Partitioning; during

ABSTRACTAlthough ecologists and paleoecologists have long sought to understand what controls biotic diversity, modern biological crises such as widespread extinction and the introduction of exotic species have made this search for understanding increasingly urgent. Modern ecological studies are well suited for describing and predicting the short-term ecological interactions and changes that occur during biotic invasions, that is, the large-scale introduction of exotic species to a region. However, paleontological studies are much better suited for documenting the long-term impacts of such episodes as well as identifying the rules by which ecosystems are constructed or dismantled. Most previous studies of fossil biotic invasions have come from relatively young deposits from the Cenozoic Era (from 65 million years old to the present). Study of much older biotic invasions is needed to determine whether the outcome of these younger biotic invasions is typical of biotic invasions throughout geologic history. Conservation strategies will depend on whether a few simple rules for the long-term effects of biotic invasions exist or whether the long-term effects of any given invasion are idiosyncratic and less likely to be predictable.PIs propose to document how a marine ecosystem responded to a Late Ordovician (454 to 444 million years ago) biotic invasion that affected shallow marine communities in the region stretching from Cincinnati, Ohio to Nashville, Tennessee. Specifically, they will determine for this 10 million-year window of time how diversity changed within individual ecological communities (alpha diversity), how the distinctiveness of ecological communities changed (beta diversity), and how the diversity changed over this entire geographic region (gamma diversity). Because each of these measures of diversity is linked to specific ecological predictions regarding the importance of incumbency of species, vacant ecological niches, and ecological interactions between species, our study will be able not only to document changes in diversity partitioning, but will identify the ecological roots of those changes. Their research will build on their previous studies in the Nashville region and will use advanced sequence-stratigraphic frameworks to reconstruct environmental conditions and to establish the temporal sequence of events within the region. PIs expect that the methods they will develop for studying biotic invasions may be useful for studying biotic crises in other parts of the geological record.

虽然生态学家和古生态学家长期以来一直试图了解是什么控制了生物多样性，但现代生物学危机，如大范围灭绝和外来物种的引入，使得这种对理解的探索变得越来越迫切。现代生态学研究非常适合于描述和预测在生物入侵过程中发生的短期生态相互作用和变化，即大规模引进外来物种到一个地区。然而，古生物学研究更适合于记录这类事件的长期影响，以及确定构建或拆除生态系统的规则。以前对生物化石入侵的大多数研究都来自新生代(从6500万年前到现在)相对年轻的沉积物。需要对更古老的生物入侵进行研究，以确定这些更年轻的生物入侵的结果是否在整个地质史上是典型的生物入侵。保护策略将取决于是否存在一些关于生物入侵的长期影响的简单规则，或者任何给定入侵的长期影响是否具有特殊性且不太可能预测。PIS建议记录海洋生态系统如何应对晚奥陶世(4.54至4.44亿年前)生物入侵，该入侵影响了从俄亥俄州辛辛那提到田纳西州纳什维尔的该地区的浅水海洋生物群落。具体地说，他们将确定在这1000万年的时间窗口内，单个生态群落内的多样性如何变化(阿尔法多样性)，生态群落的独特性如何变化(贝塔多样性)，以及整个地理区域的多样性如何变化(伽马多样性)。由于每一种衡量多样性的措施都与特定的生态预测相关联，这些预测涉及物种的现任性、空缺的生态位以及物种之间的生态相互作用的重要性，因此我们的研究不仅能够记录多样性划分的变化，而且将确定这些变化的生态根源。他们的研究将建立在他们之前在纳什维尔地区的研究基础上，并将使用先进的层序-地层学框架来重建环境条件并建立该地区内事件的时间序列。PIS预计，他们将开发的研究生物入侵的方法可能有助于研究地质记录中其他部分的生物危机。