RUI: Dynamics of Plinian Eruptions - Physical Volcanology of the 1600 Eruption of Volcan Huaynaputina, Southern Peru

RUI：普林尼式喷发的动力学 - 1600 年秘鲁南部 Huaynaputina 火山喷发的物理火山学

• 批准号: 0087181
• 负责人: Shanaka de Silva
• 金额: $ 15.38万
• 依托单位: Indiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-01-15 至 2002-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0087181&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Dynamics; Plinian; Eruptions; Physical

0087181DeSilvaIn attempting to better understand the human, societal, and environmental impacts of volcanic eruptions, scientists are increasingly aware that the fundamental underpinning to this endeavour is knowledge about the physical volcanology of volcanic eruptions. Since plinian eruptions are amongst the most devastating, considerable effort is focused on these phenomena. However, few such eruptions have been observed and documented and our understanding relies heavily on data from eruptions that have occurred in the recent past. Such studies have proved to be the source of much of our insight into the dynamics of plinian eruptions and their local and global effects. A completed study of the 1600 eruption of Huaynaputina, conducted under the auspices of a previous NSF grant, reveals that this eruption is one of the most significant eruptions of historic times. Over 25km3 of tephra was erupted, 90% of which was ejected during a ~20 hour sustained plinian eruption during the first stage of the eruption. Two coeval but distinct deposits formed; a regionally extensive and well-preserved plinian pumice fall deposit, and a much more extensive plinian ash deposit. No caldera collapse occurred despite the large volume erupted allowing the rare preservation of ultraproximal sections and vents. This project will build on the general model of the eruption that we have elucidated to focus on the ultraproximal sections and the proximal pumice fall deposit to increase our understanding of the 1600 Stage I plinian eruption in particular and the dynamics of plinian eruptions in general. Two interrelated objectives are to be addressed. The first is better constrain the evolution of the ~20 hour long plinian eruption, and the second is to better understand the origin and significance of the extremely coarse fall deposits in the ultraproximal sections. These objectives will be addressed through extensive fieldwork to log sections, identify and map key horizons, and map their dispersal. These data will be coupled with existing detailed grainsize and componentry of these horizons throughout the fall deposit to develop a more detailed understanding of the Stage I plinian eruption that breaks down the ~20 hour eruption into several stages. The involvement of graduate and undergraduate students as key players in the team maximises the educational impact of this project.

0087181 DeSilva为了更好地了解火山爆发对人类、社会和环境的影响，科学家们越来越意识到，这一努力的根本基础是关于火山爆发的物理火山学的知识。由于普林尼火山爆发是最具破坏性的，相当大的努力集中在这些现象。然而，很少有这样的喷发被观察和记录，我们的理解在很大程度上依赖于最近发生的喷发数据。这些研究已被证明是我们对普林尼火山爆发的动力学及其局部和全球影响的许多见解的来源。在先前的NSF资助下，对1600年Huaynaputina火山爆发进行了一项完整的研究，研究表明，这次火山爆发是历史上最重要的火山爆发之一。火山喷发总量超过25 km ~ 3，其中90%是在第一阶段约20小时的普利尼安持续喷发中喷出的。形成了两个同时代但不同的沉积物;一个是区域广泛且保存完好的普利尼亚浮石落存款，另一个是更广泛的普利尼亚灰存款。没有破火山口崩溃发生，尽管大量爆发，允许罕见的保存超近端部分和通风口。该项目将建立在我们已经阐明的喷发的一般模型的基础上，重点关注超近端部分和近端浮石落存款，以增加我们对1600年第一阶段普利尼亚喷发的理解，特别是普利尼亚喷发的动力学。需要处理两个相互关联的目标。第一个是更好地约束演化的~20小时长的plinian喷发，第二个是更好地理解的起源和意义的超近端部分的极其粗糙的下降存款。这些目标将通过广泛的实地工作来实现，以记录部分，确定和绘制关键层位，并绘制其分布图。这些数据将与整个秋季存款中这些层位的现有详细粒度和成分相结合，以更详细地了解第一阶段的普利尼亚喷发，将约20小时的喷发分为几个阶段。研究生和本科生作为团队中的主要参与者的参与最大限度地提高了该项目的教育影响。