Morphosyntactic Variation in Picard

这项建议使用了皮卡德语的新数据和原始数据，皮卡德语是一种鲜为人知的法国地区性语言，旨在开发一种“社会现实语言学”。在这项研究中，位于法国索姆省西部的维姆地区被选为调查重点。在过去的五年中，收集了大量的口头和书面数据。语料库的转录构成了本研究提案的第一个目标。第二个目标是对皮卡德的许多语法结构进行详细的分析。这些分析将使用社会语言学方法论和生成语法提供的分析工具相结合的方法进行。这一方法将为罗曼史和普通语言学中的许多长期存在的问题提供新的线索(例如代词、主语双重、动词否定)，从语言变化和语法化过程中提供重要的新数据(例如，指示限定词如何转变为定冠词)，并解决文献中鲜为人知的构式的新问题(例如，为什么Vimeu Picard有两个主语中性代词？)。第三和第四个目标涉及跨语言和语言内部的变异。将Vimeu Picard的特征与其他Picard变体、其他高罗曼语和法语变体的特征进行比较，将有助于更好地理解普遍语法对跨语言变异的限制。最后，我们将利用优选论的两个不同领域的最新发展来考虑语言内部变异的问题，即语音变异研究和形态句法研究。我们的目标是提出一种语法模型，该模型可以生成不同的形态句法模式，并预测语言变体的相对使用频率。该项目将有助于弥合目前社会语言学和语言研究正式方法之间存在的差距。

This proposal uses new and original data from Picard, a little-known regional language of France, in an effort to develop a "socially realistic linguistics". For this study, Vimeu, a region located in the western part of the Somme department of France, was selected as a focus of investigation. Over the past five years, an extensive corpus of oral and written data was gathered. Transcription of the corpus constitutes the first objective of this research proposal. The second objective consists in providing detailed analyses of many grammatical constructions of Picard. These analyses will be carried out using an approach which combines a sociolinguistic methodology and the analytical tools provided by generative grammar. This approach will shed new light on many longstanding issues within Romance and general linguistics (e.g., pronominal clitics, subject doubling, verbal negation), contribute crucial new data from language change in progress and grammaticalization processes (e.g., how demonstrative determiners turn into definite articles), and address new questions concerning constructions little known in the literature (e.g., why does Vimeu Picard have two subject neuter pronouns?). The third and fourth objectives concern variation, both crosslinguistic and language-internal. Comparison of Vimeu Picard features with those of other varieties of Picard, other Gallo-Romance languages, and varieties of French will contribute significantly to the search for a better understanding of the limits Universal Grammar imposes on crosslinguistic variation. Finally, the issue of language-internal variation will be considered using recent developments in two different areas of Optimality theory, namely the study of phonological variation and that of morphosyntax. The goal is to propose a model of grammar which generates variable morphosyntactic patterns and predicts relative frequencies of use for linguistic variants. This project will contribute to bridge the gap that currently exists between sociolinguistics and formal approaches to the study of language.