The Fada´il Genre in Arabic-Islamic Writings from the Late Middle Ages up to the 18th Century - Investigation into Ideas of Order of Nature and Society

中世纪晚期至 18 世纪阿拉伯伊斯兰著作中的法达尔流派 - 对自然秩序和社会秩序思想的调查

• 批准号: 145389016
• 负责人: Privatdozent Dr. Otfried Weintritt
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2008-12-31 至 2014-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/145389016?language=en
• 关键词: Fada; il; Genre; Arabic; Islamic

Up to now, investigation of the Fada´il writings (writings of excellences) has been focusing on three kinds of subjects and has yielded the following results: (1) presentation of nature and society aimed at describing the order of this world in a condition of perfection. This holds equally true of nature and society. This perfection comes about thanks to the Fada´il as the excellences of the dynasty through which they generate order. The same is true for excellences related to cities and regions. It is constitutive for both kinds of presentation that they do not point out deficiencies, but affirm the condition of perfection of this world by showing the absence of defects. Thus, for both fields we may speak of positive self-description. The prefaces of the works have been shown to have particular expressive power as they make it possible to reconstruct (2) reasons for creating the works so that very diverse purposes underly the individual works. They can deal with ties to the city/region up to the influence of the rulers. When the society is the subject the creator of the accomplishments producing order and thereby producing perfection are mentioned directly. Furthermore the writings give rise to (3) questions of genre regarding the relationship of Fada´il genre and historiography. When the history of the city/region itself becomes an excellence, history as a continuous performance of order becomes an excellence of the dynasty. In view of the quantitative relationships it would therefore be reasonable to classify part of the works as "mixed forms".Further investigations during the extension period would concern the following phenomena: Homogeneous contents during the period studied up to constellations similar to plagiarism make it necessary to include in the study the genesis and development of the genre in order to locate the diverse possibilities of forming the Fada´il writings in the context of literary history. For this purpose the earlier works of the genre of Syrian and Egyptian origin should be added. It can already be seen that the Fada´il as prerequisites for successful order have undergone an astounding transformation: In the period discussed up to now these excellences are presented as prerequisites for the production of social order in its present condition. In the earlier works they refer in a prescriptive attitude to a condition to be achieved, even regardless of congruities of contents.

到目前为止，对法达伊尔作品（优秀作品）的研究主要集中在三个方面，并取得了以下成果：（1）对自然和社会的呈现，旨在描述这个世界在完美状态下的秩序。自然和社会同样如此。这种完美是由于Fada 'il作为王朝的卓越之处，通过他们产生秩序。与城市和地区相关的优秀也是如此。这是两种介绍的构成，他们不指出不足之处，但肯定了这个世界的完美的条件，显示没有缺陷。因此，对于这两个领域，我们都可以说积极的自我描述。作品的序言具有特殊的表现力，因为它们可以重建（2）创作作品的原因，从而使个体作品的目的非常不同。他们可以处理与城市/地区的关系，直到统治者的影响。当社会是主体时，成就的创造者，生产秩序，从而生产完美，被直接提到。此外，这些著作还引起了（3）关于法达伊尔体裁与史学关系的体裁问题。当城市/地区本身的历史成为一种卓越时，历史作为一种持续的秩序表现就成为王朝的卓越。因此，基于工程量的关系，将部分工程归类为“混合形式”是合理的。在延长期内，进一步调查将涉及以下现象：在这一时期研究的内容同质化，直到类似于剽窃的星座，这使得有必要在研究中包括体裁的起源和发展，以定位形成法达伊尔作品的多种可能性在文学史的背景下。为此目的，应增加叙利亚和埃及起源的体裁的早期作品。我们已经看到，作为成功秩序的先决条件的法达伊尔已经经历了一个惊人的转变：在迄今为止讨论的时期，这些优点被认为是在目前条件下产生社会秩序的先决条件。在早期的作品中，他们以规定的态度提到要达到的条件，即使不考虑内容的一致性。