Workshop on Access and Participatory Approaches Associated with the Use of Geographic Information, Rome, Italy, Fall 2001

地理信息技术在整个社会应用中的持续快速传播以及对地理和位置数据使用的日益增多，在科学界催生了关于研究优先事项和适当研究的性质的不同概念。在比较美国和欧洲的“地理信息系统与社会”研究议程时，这种思维上的分歧尤其明显。欧洲国家对个人、企业、政府机构和科学家扩大使用地理信息的反应与美国的反应截然不同。大西洋两岸关于处理科学、技术、商业、个人和政府数据的法律和政策非常不同，这些差异影响了该领域的技术和社会科学研究方向。美国和欧洲处理数据的方法之间的差距越来越大，“地理信息系统与社会”的研究重点也不同，这突显了美国和欧洲研究人员之间重新建立联系的必要性，以便使这些社区的研究人员能够相互了解影响研究方向的潜在影响以及他们正在走的不同道路。该奖项将支持美国和欧洲的研究人员参加将于2001年秋季在意大利罗马举行的联合研讨会。研讨会的目标将是(1)评估地理信息获取和地理获取理论的研究现状，(2)评估美国和欧洲不断发展的政策和法律趋势对一般科学技术数据获取和具体地理数据获取的影响，(3)评估围绕地理信息使用的参与式方法的研究现状，(4)探索美国和欧洲在这些领域内研究方向的共性和差异，以及(5)制定关于地理信息获取和参与性问题的美欧联合研究议程。该讲习班源于地理信息科学大学联盟(UCGIS)和欧洲地理信息实验室协会(AGILE)成员最近的研究讨论。研讨会将由一系列全体报告、分组讨论和全体讨论组成，这是美国国家地理信息与分析中心和欧洲GISDATA计划十多年来成功使用的一种模式。这些年来。研讨会的结果将在研讨会报告中发布，并将利用几种印刷和电子手段分发额外的研讨会成果。该研讨会应促进美国和欧洲科学家之间的沟通，审查地理信息系统的传播和使用，以及在不同国家内部和跨国更全面和有效地使用地理信息系统和相关技术的障碍。通过公布这次讲习班的结果，更广泛的研究界将受益于罗马对这一问题的重点关注。研讨会将有助于美国政府参与的一些主要活动，包括联邦地理数据委员会(FGDC)为允许个人和组织共享和交换地理数据和服务，同时保留对大部分数据的大量公共访问权所做的工作。它还将促进可比的国际努力，如全球空间数据基础设施努力，该努力正在促进各种机制，允许在地理信息共享和交换方面进行跨国合作，以及更开放地获取地理数据。

The continuing rapid diffusion of geographic information technologies throughout societal applications and the growing use of geographic and location data use has spawned diverse notions in the scientific community regarding priorities for research and the nature of appropriate research. This divergence in thinking is particularly noticeable when comparing "GIS and Society" research agendas in the U.S. and Europe. European nations are responding to the expanded use of geographic information by individuals, businesses, government agencies, and scientists in a manner quite different from the responses witnessed in the U.S. Laws and policies regarding the handling of scientific, technical, business, personal, and government data are very different on either side of the Atlantic, and these differences have influenced technical and social science research directions in the field. The growing gaps between U.S. and European approaches to data handling and the divergence in "GIS and Society" research priorities highlights the need to reestablish links among U.S. and European researchers in order to enable researchers in these communities to inform each other about the underlying influences affecting the directions of research and the different paths they are taking. This award will support the involvement of U.S. and European researchers in a joint workshop to be held in Rome, Italy, during Fall 2001. The objectives of the workshop will be (1) to assess the current state of research on access to geographic information and on geographic access theory, (2) to evaluate the impact of evolving policy and legal trends in the U.S. and Europe on access to scientific and technical data generally and to geographic data specifically, (3) to assess the current state of research on participatory approaches surrounding the use of geographic information, (4) to explore commonalities and differences in U.S. and European directions of research within these arenas, and (5) to develop a joint U.S.-European research agenda on geographic information access and participatory issues. The workshop arises from recent research discussions among members of the University Consortium for Geographic Information Science (UCGIS) and the Association of Geographic Information Laboratories in Europe (AGILE). The workshop will be structured as a series of plenary presentations, breakout small group discussions, and plenary discussions, a model successfully used by the National Center for Geographic Information and Analysis in the U.S. and by the European GISDATA program for more than a decade. over the years. Findings will be issued in a workshop report, and several print and electronic means will be exploited to distribute additional workshop results.This workshop should facilitate communications among U.S. and European scientists examining the dissemination and use of geographic information systems as well as the barriers to more complete and effective use of GISs and related technologies within and across different nations. Through publication of the results of this workshop, the broader research community will benefit from the focus attention given to this issue in Rome. The workshop will contribute to a number of major activities in which the U.S. government is engaged, including the work by the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) to develop an institutional framework for allowing individuals and organizations to share and exchange geographic data and services while retaining substantial public access rights for much of the data. It also will contribute toward comparable international efforts, such as the Global Spatial Data Infrastructure effort, which is promoting mechanisms to allow cross-national collaboration in the sharing and exchange of geographic information as well as more open access to geographic data.