NIRT: Nanoscale Processes in the Environment: Nanobiogeochemistry of Microbe/Mineral Interactions

NIRT：环境中的纳米级过程：微生物/矿物质相互作用的纳米生物地球化学

• 批准号: 0103053
• 负责人: Michael Hochella
• 金额: $ 100万
• 依托单位: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-15 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0103053&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: NIRT; Nanoscale; Processes; Environment; Nanobiogeochemistry

EAR-0103053HochellaThe primary objective of this research program is to observe and quantitatively characterize, on the nanometer (10-9 meters) scale, the complex interactions that occur between microorganisms (specifically bacteria) and minerals. These interactions are ubiquitous in soils and rocks near the Earth's surface. We hypothesize that microbe-mineral interactions, when studied directly at the nanoscale, will result in the discovery of exotic behavior relative to current concepts and models that seek to explain mineral-microbe association and dependence. In order to accomplish our goal, we will depend heavily on biological force microscopy (BFM), a variation of the atomic force microscope that we have developed in our lab over the last two years. This technique, for the first time, allows for the direct measurement of forces (both attractive/repulsive and adhesive) between fully functional cells and any other substrate as a function of separation distance. Reproducible and reliable measurements between bacteria and mineral surfaces are readily obtained with nano- to pico (10-12)-Newton force resolution while at the same time controlling their separation to the nanometer level. This has already given us an unprecedented view of the intricacies on mineral-microbe interaction as a function of water chemistry, microbial physiology, and surface mineralogy. Practical application of this work includes the development of a new generation of transport model for microorganisms in surface or subsurface environments, using the wealth of nanoscale information obtained from our BFM and associated measurements. Such models should be very useful in developing more robust subsurface bioremediation strategies in the future. This proposal was submitted in response to the solicitation "Nanoscale Science and Engineering" (NSF 00-119).

Hochella-0103053该研究计划的主要目标是在纳米（10-9米）尺度上观察和定量表征微生物（特别是细菌）和矿物质之间发生的复杂相互作用。 这些相互作用在地球表面附近的土壤和岩石中无处不在。 我们假设，微生物-矿物的相互作用，当直接在纳米级研究，将导致发现相对于目前的概念和模型，试图解释矿物-微生物协会和依赖性的异国情调的行为。 为了实现我们的目标，我们将在很大程度上依赖于生物力显微镜（BFM），这是我们在过去两年中在实验室开发的原子力显微镜的一种变体。 该技术首次允许直接测量完全功能的细胞和任何其他基底之间的力（吸引力/排斥力和粘附力）作为分离距离的函数。 细菌和矿物表面之间的可重复和可靠的测量很容易获得纳米至皮科（10-12）牛顿力分辨率，同时将它们的分离控制在纳米水平。 这已经给了我们一个前所未有的观点，矿物-微生物相互作用的复杂性作为水化学，微生物生理学和表面矿物学的函数。 这项工作的实际应用包括开发新一代的表面或地下环境中微生物的运输模型，使用从我们的BFM和相关测量获得的纳米级信息的财富。 这种模型应该是非常有用的，在未来开发更强大的地下生物修复策略。 该提案是应“纳米科学与工程”（NSF 00-119）的要求提交的。