Molecular and Morphological Systematics of the Spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae)

蜘蛛亚目Mygalomorphae包括狼蛛、狒狒、陷门蜘蛛、金钱网和漏斗网蜘蛛。虽然不像它的姊妹蜘蛛(蜘蛛，例如编织圆球蜘蛛)那样多样化，但肉形蜘蛛种类丰富(分布在15科280属2500多种)，并使用丝绸建造令人惊叹的多样性的巢。这些丝绸结构通常被认为是原始的，包括活板门、衣领、炮塔、管子、漏斗、床单和空间填充网。虽然这些蜘蛛表现出许多有趣的和未被研究的形态模式，并表现出经典的生物地理模式(例如，同一科的成员出现在新西兰、马达加斯加、南非和南美洲南部)，但这个群体的大部分系统发育仍然没有解决。此外，到目前为止，所有的肌型系统发育研究都完全依赖于形态特征，因此缺乏独立的佐证。这项研究使用了一套完整的形态和分子特征来研究肌型的系统发育。在北美、南美洲和中美洲、南部非洲、亚洲和西澳大利亚收集的标本将与主要博物馆收藏的标本结合使用，用于分子、形态和自然历史研究。所有形态特征的数字化图像评分和详细的自然历史笔记将在万维网上提供，作为myglomorph互联网数据库的一部分。由此产生的系统发展将支持对丝绸使用和纺丝结构的起源和多样性、丝绸使用、习惯和趋同进化之间的关系以及小型化对形态变化的影响的研究。这是首次对这一重要分类单元的分子序列数据进行分析。两名研究生将接受蜘蛛系统学方面的培训，这是一个现有专业知识不足的领域。

AbstractThe spider infraorder Mygalomorphae includes tarantula, baboon, trapdoor, purse web, and funnel web spiders. While not as diverse as its sister lineage the Aranemorphae ("true" spiders, for example the orb weavers), mygalomorphs are rich in species (over 2,500 species in 280 genera placed in 15 families) and use silks to build an amazing diversity of nests. These silk constructs, generally regarded as primitive, include trapdoors, collars, turrets, tubes, funnels, sheets, and space filling webs. Although these spiders show many interesting and unstudied patterns of morphology and show classic biogeographical patterns (e.g., members of the same family occurring in New Zealand, Madagascar, South Africa, and southern South America), much of the phylogeny of this group remains unresolved. Furthermore, all mygalomorph phylogenetic studies to date have relied solely on morphological characters, thus lacking independentcorroboration. This study examines mygalomorph phylogeny using an integrated set of both morphological and molecular characters. Specimens collected in North, South, and Central America, Southern Africa, Asia, and Western Australia will be used in conjunction with specimens from major museum collections, for molecular, morphological, and natural history studies. Digitized images of all morphological characters scored and detailed natural history notes will be made available on the World Wide Web as part of a myglomorph internet database. The resulting phylogeny will support studies of the origin and diversification of silk use and spinning structures, the relationship between silk use, habits and convergent evolution, and the influence of miniaturization on morphological change. This is the first analysis of molecular sequence data for this important taxon. And two graduate students will be trained in spider systematics, an area with inadequate existing expertise.