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Dissertation: The Impact of Hunting by Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) on Demography and Behavior of Red Colobus Monkeys (Procolobus badius) in the Kibale National Park, Uganda.

论文：黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）狩猎对乌干达基巴莱国家公园红疣猴（Procolobus badius）的人口统计和行为的影响。

基本信息

批准号：
0109999
负责人：
David Watts
金额：
$ 0.73万
依托单位：
Yale University
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2002-03-01 至 2004-02-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0109999&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Impact Hunting Chimpanzees Pan

项目摘要

Predation strongly affects primate social evolution, and chimpanzees and red colobus monkeys have a particularly intriguing predator-prey relationship. Chimpanzees regularly prey on various mammals, but red colobus are their preferred prey wherever these two species co-occur. There are extensive data on hunting frequency and prey offtake for several sites, but few on the impact of predation on red colobus social structure and population density and on their responses to chimpanzees. This research will provide data on red colobus behavioral ecology and the impact of chimpanzee predation on red colobus group size, group composition, and population density at Ngogo, Kibale National Park, Uganda. These data will address questions about primate social evolution, red colobus anti-predation strategies, and the sustainability of predation by chimpanzee. Ngogo has the largest known chimpanzee community; predation there is unusually intense and might have caused a long-term decline in the red colobus population, but demographic data are inadequate to be sure.Monthly censuses along four transects, conducted for 21 months, will provide data on population density and group size and composition. These data, plus previous census data and data on the chimpanzees, can assess the relationship of group size to predation pressure and whether the population has declined. Data on group composition will test hypotheses about anti-predation strategies (e.g., infant and juveniles survive better in groups with many adult males). Data on ecology will examine tradeoffs between foraging efficiency and protection (e.g., feeding competition increases with group size, but individuals are safer in larger groups). Experimental playbacks of chimpanzee vocalizations to red colobus, plus observations of responses to naturally occurring vocalizations and to chimpanzee proximity, will address hypotheses about anti-predation strategies. This research will improve our understanding of how predation influences primate behavior and of the implications of hunting by chimpanzees for human evolution.

捕食强烈地影响着灵长类动物的社会进化，黑猩猩和红疣猴有着一种特别有趣的捕食者-猎物关系。黑猩猩经常捕食各种哺乳动物，但在这两种动物共存的地方，红疣猴是它们的首选猎物。有大量的数据显示了几个地点的狩猎频率和猎物的摄入量，但很少有关于捕食对红疣猴社会结构和人口密度的影响，以及它们对黑猩猩的反应。本研究将在乌干达基巴莱国家公园Ngogo提供红疣的行为生态学数据，以及黑猩猩捕食对红疣群体规模、群体组成和种群密度的影响。这些数据将解决有关灵长类动物社会进化、红疣反捕食策略和黑猩猩捕食可持续性的问题。Ngogo有已知最大的黑猩猩群落；那里的捕食异常激烈，可能导致了红疣虫数量的长期下降，但人口统计数据不足以确定。在四个横断面进行为期21个月的每月人口普查，将提供有关人口密度、群体规模和组成的数据。这些数据，加上之前的人口普查数据和黑猩猩的数据，可以评估群体规模与捕食压力的关系，以及种群数量是否下降。关于群体组成的数据将检验关于反捕食策略的假设（例如，在有许多成年雄性的群体中，婴儿和青少年生存得更好）。生态学的数据将检验觅食效率和保护之间的权衡（例如，觅食竞争随着群体规模的增加而增加，但个体在更大的群体中更安全）。黑猩猩对红疣猴发声的实验回放，加上对自然发声和黑猩猩接近的反应的观察，将解决关于反捕食策略的假设。这项研究将提高我们对捕食如何影响灵长类动物行为的理解，以及黑猩猩狩猎对人类进化的影响。