Zooarchaeology of Challuabamba, Azuay Province, Ecuador

厄瓜多尔阿苏艾省 Challuabamba 动物考古学

• 批准号: 0130588
• 负责人: Peter Stahl
• 金额: $ 1.96万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Binghamton
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-01 至 2003-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0130588&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Zooarchaeology; Challuabamba; Azuay; Province; Ecuador

With National Science Foundation support Dr. Peter Stahl will identify and analyze a collection of animal bone specimens that were recovered during archaeological investigations at the site of Challuabamba in the southern Andean highlands of Ecuador. The site is of great importance for our understanding of early village agricultural life in this southern area of the northern Andes, as it appears to have been settled in 2200 B.C. and subsequently occupied for as much as 1000 years. Analysis of the animal bone collection from Challuabamba provides insight into local resource utilization. Identification of the material could also contribute to our understanding of the early introduction and subsequent spread of South American animal domesticates like llamas, alpacas and guinea pigs, into their northernmost pre-Columbian distribution. The identification of native domesticates in the Challuabamba collection would be of crucial importance for documenting their early appearance north of the present Peruvian border and for understanding the mechanism involved in their original introduction. In particular, their appearance at Challuabamba is critical for assessing the viability of a southern terrestrial trade route as a potential mechanism for introducing early animal domesticates into Ecuador. Coastal marine shells may have entered the southern Ecuadorian highlands via a terrestrial route through the nearby Cordillera de Mullupungu, where they were subsequently consumed and/or processed for further overland trade to interior northern Peru, and eventually to the coast. In exchange, southern-derived animal domesticates may have entered Ecuador via this early trade mechanism. This would be significant for our understanding of early domesticates in Ecuador, because Challuabamba appears to predate important early cultural sequences on the coast. The absence of native animal domesticates in the assemblage would support their appearance at Pirincay around A.D. 100 as the earliest occurrence of domesticates in the southern highlands of Ecuador, and potentially provide an earliest date for possible terrestrial exchange of animals into the area.Plants and animals were independently domesticated in several regions of both the Old and New World and Peru constitutes one such "hearth" area. In all cases domesicates eventually spread and were adopted by hunting and gathering peoples thus significantly altering their way of life. Anthropologists wish to understand the principles which underly this process of diffusion and culture change and Challuabamba provides an excellent context in which to address this question.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，彼得斯塔尔博士将鉴定和分析在厄瓜多尔南部安第斯高地的查卢班巴遗址考古调查期间发现的一批动物骨骼标本。 该遗址对于我们了解北方安第斯山脉南部地区的早期乡村农业生活非常重要，因为它似乎在公元前2200年就有人定居，随后被占领了1000年之久。 对从Challuabamba收集的动物骨骼的分析提供了对当地资源利用的深入了解。这些材料的鉴定也有助于我们了解美洲驼、羊驼和豚鼠等南美洲驯养动物的早期引入和随后的传播，以及它们在哥伦布发现美洲大陆之前的最北端的分布。 在Challuabamba收集的本地驯化的识别将是至关重要的记录他们的早期出现在现在的秘鲁边境以北，并了解其最初的引入机制。 特别是，它们在Challuabamba的出现对于评估南方陆地贸易路线的可行性至关重要，因为这是将早期驯养动物引入厄瓜多尔的潜在机制。 沿海海产贝壳可能是通过附近的Cordillera de Mullupungu的陆地路线进入厄瓜多尔南部高地的，随后在那里被消费和（或）加工，再经陆路运往北方秘鲁内陆，最后运往沿海。 作为交换，来自南方的驯养动物可能通过这种早期的贸易机制进入厄瓜多尔。 这对我们了解厄瓜多尔的早期驯化动物具有重要意义，因为Challuabamba似乎早于沿海重要的早期文化序列。 这一组合中没有本土驯化动物，这支持了它们在公元100年左右出现在皮林凯，成为厄瓜多尔南部高地最早出现驯化动物的地点，并可能为该地区可能的陆地动物交换提供了最早的日期。植物和动物在新旧大陆的几个地区都是独立驯化的，秘鲁就是这样一个“壁炉”地区。在所有的情况下，食草动物最终传播开来，并被狩猎和采集民族所采用，从而大大改变了他们的生活方式。人类学家希望了解这一传播和文化变迁过程的基本原则，而查卢班巴为解决这一问题提供了一个极好的背景。