CAREER: Connectivity Among Marine Fish Populations: Emphasizing Ecological Links Between Estuaries and the Coastal Ocean through an Integrated Program of Interdisciplinary Res/Educ

职业：海洋鱼类种群之间的连通性：通过跨学科研究/教育综合计划强调河口和沿海海洋之间的生态联系

• 批准号: 0134998
• 负责人: Simon Thorrold
• 金额: $ 88.32万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-03-01 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0134998&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Connectivity; Among; Marine; Fish

The need for spatially?explicit models of marine populations has become obvious as fisheries scientists search for alternatives to traditional management strategies for marine resources. Efforts to develop spatial models for marine fish populations have been handicapped, however, by the absence of quantitative estimates of exchange rates among geographically?separated groups ("connectivity"). This lack of knowledge is primarily due to the difficulty of conducting mark?recapture studies in species that are characterized by the production of large numbers of small pelagic offspring that suffer high initial mortality rates. In this study, Dr. Thorrold will continue development and application of a marking approach that relies upon natural variations in the geochemistry of fish otoliths (ear bones) as a marker of source location. Recent work suggests that it is possible to track individual fish from juvenile nursery areas to adult spawning locations using these geochemical signatures as a natural tag of natal location. The otolith is an ideal natural tag because:Deposition time of any material in the otolith can be determined by reference to periodic increments in the otolith.Otoliths are metabolically inert, and material is not re?worked or re?sorbed after deposition.The chemical composition of the otolith reflects, to some degree, the environment in which the fish has lived. They will begin with a series of laboratory studies to investigate factors influencing the elementalcomposition of otoliths in larval Atlantic silversides (Menidia menidia). Then characterizegeochernical signatures in otoliths of young?of?the?year (YOY) Menidia from 10 estuaries along the coastof New England. Otoliths will be assayed for VC, 8"0, "Sr/16 Sr ratios, and a number of trace elements(Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca). This process will include the development of a technique forquantifying 87 Sr/ 86 Sr isotope ratios in otoliths using multi?collector inductively coupled plasma massspectrometry. The resulting multivariate chemical signatures in these otoliths will be used to developmaximum likelihood estimators to classify adult Menidia returning to estuarine waters to spawn thefollowing year. Otoliths ftom spawning adults will be sectioned to reveal the section of the otolith laiddown during juvenile residency in their natal estuary. A combination of micro?drilling and laser ablationICP?MS will be used to assay geochemical signatures in this portion of the otolith. Adult fish collectedfrom each of the 10 estuaries will be assigned to natal estuary based on the MLE algorithm developedfrom ground?truthed signatures of juveniles captured in the estuaries the previous year. These data willprovide quantitative estimates of connectivity through natal homing and straying in a coastal fish specieson an unprecedented spatial scale. More generally, the study will provide a framework for research aimedat quantifying connectivity in marine ecosystems through the use of natural signatures in calcifiedstructures of marine organisms. The educational component of the proposed research will include thedevelopment of topics courses in fisheries ecology and oceanography for the MIT[WHOl joint program inbiological oceanography, the mentoring of undergraduates on summer student fellowships at WHOI, andthe development and implementation of teacher training workshops for high school teachers inMassachusetts. They will focus on a common fish species that is a critical component of coastal habitatswith which students are most familiar. The ability to track the movements of fish from the backdoors oflocal students to other estuarine and coastal habitats will stress the interconnectedness of salt marshes,estuaries and the coastal ocean.

当渔业科学家寻找海洋资源传统管理策略的替代方案时，需要在空间上需要空间吗？然而，由于没有对地理上分离的群体之间的汇率估算的定量估计（“连通性”），为开发海洋鱼类种群的空间模型的努力受到了残障的困扰。缺乏知识的主要原因是在物种中进行标记的困难，其特征是产生大量遭受高初始死亡率的小型浮游后代。在这项研究中，Thorrold博士将继续开发和应用标记方法，该方法依赖于鱼耳石（耳骨）的自然变化作为源位置的标志。最近的工作表明，可以使用这些地球化学签名作为出生位置的自然标签来追踪从幼育幼儿园到成人产卵位置的单个鱼。耳石是一个理想的自然标签，因为：可以通过参考耳石中的周期性增量来确定耳石中的任何材料的沉积时间。Otoliths代谢惰性是惰性的，并且在沉积后没有重新工作或涂抹材料。在某些程度上，在某种程度上，在某种程度上，在某些程度上反映了鱼的环境，而这些环境在某种程度上是属于的。 他们将从一系列的实验室研究开始，以研究影响幼体大西洋银卫生层（Menidia menidia）中耳石元素分解的因素。然后，在新英格兰海岸的10个河口（Yoy）的年轻一年（Yoy）Menidia的年轻人？耳石将用于VC，8“ 0”，SR/16 SR比和许多痕量元素（mg/ca，mn/ca，sr/ca和ba/ca）。该过程将包括使用多多？收集器电感耦合等离子体质谱法的技术中的87 SR/ 86 SR同位素比率的发展。这些耳石中产生的多元化学特征将用于开发最大的可能性估计量，以将返回河口水的成年甲尼迪亚分类，以产生稳定的一年。耳石ftoM产卵的成年人将被分割，以揭示其幼年居住期间耳石遗产的部分。在耳石的这一部分中，将使用微钻和激光消融的组合来测定地球化学特征。从10个河口中的每一个收集的成年鱼将根据前一年中捕获的少年的MLE算法分配给Natal河口。这些数据将通过出生归巢和在沿海鱼类中流浪的连通性进行定量估计，这是前所未有的空间尺度。更普遍地，该研究将通过在海洋生物的钙化结构中使用自然签名来为瞄准范围的瞄准性研究提供框架。 拟议研究的教育部分将包括MIT的渔业生态学和海洋学课程的开发[Whol联合计划Inbiologicy Oceanogricaphiching，在WHOI的夏季学生奖学金中指导本科生以及高中教师Inmassachusetts的教师培训研讨会的发展和实施。他们将专注于一种常见的鱼类，这是学生最熟悉的沿海栖息地的关键组成部分。追踪从局部学生的后门到其他河口和沿海栖息地的鱼运动的能力将压力盐沼，河口和沿海海洋的相互联系。