Dissertation Research: Understanding the Differential Success of Invasive and Naturalized Populations of Bromus tectorum L. (Cheatgrass, downy brome)

论文研究：了解无芒雀麦 (Bromus tectorum L.) 入侵种群和归化种群的成功差异（Cheatgrass、霜雀麦）

• 批准号: 0206748
• 负责人: Richard Mack
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-07-01 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0206748&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Understanding; Differential; Success

Plants introduced into new ranges are often more vigorous and invasive than they are native ranges. To explain these differences, several hypotheses relating to new environments have been proposed. This research tests an alternative hypothesis: that differences in vigor and seed production may be due to genetic differences in the plants themselves. The annual cheatgrass was introduced into New Zealand and North America over 100 years ago with radically different results. In the southern part of New Zealand's South Island, it persists at low levels; in western North America, it dominates vast areas. In four greenhouse environments, 62 populations from native areas in Europe and the introduced regions were compared. North American populations were most vigorous (tallest, greatest vegetative and reproductive weights), followed by European, then New Zealand populations. This supports the hypothesis that invasive or non-invasive performance can be genetically based and differ from region to region. Seed germination trials are planned, as is DNA fingerprinting to directly compare introduced populations and their native relatives. The question of what makes a species invasive has been critical in agriculture and natural resource management for decades, but is still not well-understood. This research addresses that question and has important implications for screening potential invaders and controlling cheatgrass and other weeds.

引入新范围的植物往往比它们在本地范围更有活力和更具侵略性。为了解释这些差异，人们提出了几个与新环境有关的假设。这项研究测试了另一种假设：活力和种子产量的差异可能是由于植物本身的遗传差异。一年生的cheatgrass在100多年前被引入新西兰和北美，结果完全不同。在新西兰南岛的南部，它持续保持在低水平;在北美西部，它在广大地区占主导地位。在四个温室环境中，62个种群从原产地在欧洲和引进地区进行了比较。北美种群最具活力（最高，最大的营养和生殖重量），其次是欧洲，然后是新西兰种群。这支持了侵入性或非侵入性表现可能基于遗传并且因地区而异的假设。计划进行种子发芽试验，并进行DNA指纹分析，以直接比较引进的种群和它们的本地亲属。几十年来，是什么使一个物种具有入侵性的问题在农业和自然资源管理中一直很重要，但仍然没有得到很好的理解。这项研究解决了这个问题，并对筛选潜在的入侵者和控制骗子草和其他杂草具有重要意义。