Dissertation Research: Understanding the Differential Success of Invasive and Naturalized Populations of Bromus tectorum L. (Cheatgrass, downy brome)

论文研究：了解无芒雀麦 (Bromus tectorum L.) 入侵种群和归化种群的成功差异（Cheatgrass、霜雀麦）

• 批准号: 0206748
• 负责人: Richard Mack
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-07-01 至 2003-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0206748&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Understanding; Differential; Success

Plants introduced into new ranges are often more vigorous and invasive than they are native ranges. To explain these differences, several hypotheses relating to new environments have been proposed. This research tests an alternative hypothesis: that differences in vigor and seed production may be due to genetic differences in the plants themselves. The annual cheatgrass was introduced into New Zealand and North America over 100 years ago with radically different results. In the southern part of New Zealand's South Island, it persists at low levels; in western North America, it dominates vast areas. In four greenhouse environments, 62 populations from native areas in Europe and the introduced regions were compared. North American populations were most vigorous (tallest, greatest vegetative and reproductive weights), followed by European, then New Zealand populations. This supports the hypothesis that invasive or non-invasive performance can be genetically based and differ from region to region. Seed germination trials are planned, as is DNA fingerprinting to directly compare introduced populations and their native relatives. The question of what makes a species invasive has been critical in agriculture and natural resource management for decades, but is still not well-understood. This research addresses that question and has important implications for screening potential invaders and controlling cheatgrass and other weeds.

引入新范围的植物通常比原生范围更有活力和更具侵略性。为了解释这些差异，提出了几种与新环境相关的假设。这项研究测试了另一个假设：活力和种子产量的差异可能是由于植物本身的遗传差异造成的。 100 多年前，一年生欺骗草被引入新西兰和北美，但结果却截然不同。新西兰南岛南部地区持续处于低水平；在北美西部，它统治着广大地区。在四种温室环境中，对来自欧洲本土地区和引进地区的 62 个种群进行了比较。北美种群最有活力（最高、营养和生殖重量最大），其次是欧洲种群，然后是新西兰种群。这支持了这样的假设：侵入性或非侵入性表现可以基于遗传并且因地区而异。计划进行种子发芽试验，并进行 DNA 指纹分析，以直接比较引入的种群及其本地亲属。几十年来，是什么导致物种具有入侵性的问题在农业和自然资源管理中一直至关重要，但仍然没有得到很好的理解。这项研究解决了这个问题，对于筛查潜在入侵者和控制金针草和其他杂草具有重要意义。