Statistical Theory and Algorithms for Signal Authentication

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Moulin, PierreU of Ill Urbana- ChampaignThe enormous growth in electronic commerce has led to an urgent need for the protection andauthentication of information, which now is stored and transmitted in massive amounts. There is amultitude of applications where a signal (typically audio, image or video) is to be communicated toa receiver, along with information such as ownership identification or a timestamp authenticatingthe signal. The communication channel on which the signal is transmitted may be insecure, i.e.,an adversary may modify the signal in such a way that it can no longer be reliably authenticated.In some applications (e.g., wireless video transmission) the channel is considered to be insecurenot due to the presence of an adversary, but because of the significant degradations introducedby the transmission medium. A secret message necessary for authentication may be embeddedin the signal (watermarking-based authentication) or transmitted on a separate channel (hashing-based authentication). In watermarking, the host data set is intentionally corrupted, but in a covertway, designed to be imperceptible to a casual analysis. Hashing does not require the signal to bemodified, but requires the transmission of side information about the signal (authentication tag)on a separate channel.Signal authentication encompasses applications such as forgery detection and analysis, copyrightprotection for digital media, copy control, fingerprinting (traitor tracing), and database query andretrieval [1]|[30]. Watermarking and authentication are now major activities in audio, image, andvideo processing, and standardization efforts for JPEG-2000, MPEG-4, and Digital Video Disksare well underway. Commercial products are being developed. Annual International Workshopson information hiding have been held in 1996, and every year since 1998. Special issues of majortechnical journals have recently been recently devoted to information protection [31, 32, 33, 34],and comprehensive surveys of image and multimedia watermarking techniques are available from[35, 36].