Environmental Justice: An Examination of Interaction Between Environmental Justice Activists and Opponents

环境正义：环境正义活动家与反对者之间互动的检验

• 批准号: 0211105
• 负责人: Dorceta Taylor
• 金额: $ 6.83万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-15 至 2004-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0211105&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Environmental; Justice; Examination; Interaction; Between

SES-0211105Dorceta E. TaylorUniversity of MichiganEnvironmental justice advocates oppose locating facilities (like incinerators, landfills, waste-treatment plants, and chemical factories) in minority communities in the U.S. They maintain that such facilities expose minorities to disproportionate environmental risks, hazards, and dangerous working and living conditions that, in turn, lead to impaired health. Economic conditions are important too because activists frequently operate in low-income, minority communities with high unemployment. The environmental justice movement has been opposing corporations for two decades, very little is known about the dynamics of the movement or its potential for social change. Hence, this study will examine (a) the relationship between the environmental justice movement and their main targets of influence or opponents - mainstream environmental groups, the government and corporations; (b) the range and effectiveness of movement tactics used by environmental justice activists; (c) how movement opponents adapt and respond to the tactical innovations of activists; and (d) the relationship between resource mobilization and movement insurgency.This study will examine environmental justice activism and government and corporate responses to it from 1980-2005. This time frame captures the full period of American environmental justice activism allowing the PI to track the rise of the environmental justice movement. The study will use a multi-method approach to data collection and analysis. The study has three basic components: (a) a newspaper event history analysis of environmental justice issues, (b) an analysis of environmental justice organizations' accounting of the activities they have been engaged in, and (c) an examination of the amount of funds organizations receive from foundations and government (environmental) agencies. The researcher will use Lexis/Nexis, OCLC Firstsearch and Proquest to find relevant articles that appear in local, regional and national newspapers, journals and magazines. Newspapers will be the primary source of the event history analysis. However, other sources -- like published case studies -- will be used for contextual information on particular issues. . A database will be established to record the structure, ideology, and actions in which organizations report they have been engaged. This database will be compiled from surveys organizations listed in the People of Color Environmental Groups Directory (1994, 2000), from websites and information gathered from funders. The unit of analysis is the environmental justice movement. Though organizational-level data is being collected, analysis will be made at movement level. This study will provide valuable information on institutional and tactical interactions between the environmental justice movement, its opponents and supporters. It will also provide valuable data that will help us better understand how environmental justice organizations and corporations frame issues, develop mobilizing strategies and cope with conflicts. The study uses social movement theory to examine environmental justice movement dynamics. It expands the boundaries of prior environmental justice research by seeking to examine both activist and corporate claims and government actions. The study has the potential to answer questions of significant import as the researcher examines the relationship between environmental justice, corporate and government actors.

SES-0211105Dorceta E.环境正义倡导者反对在美国少数民族社区设置设施（如焚化炉，垃圾填埋场，废物处理厂和化工厂），他们认为这些设施使少数民族面临不成比例的环境风险，危害和危险的工作和生活条件，反过来，导致健康受损。 经济条件也很重要，因为活动人士经常在低收入、失业率高的少数民族社区活动。 环境正义运动已经反对公司二十年了，人们对这场运动的动态或其对社会变革的潜力知之甚少。 因此，本研究将探讨（a）环境正义运动与其主要影响对象或反对者--主流环保团体、政府和企业之间的关系;（B）环境正义运动者所使用的运动策略的范围和有效性;（c）运动反对者如何适应和回应运动者的策略创新;（d）运动反对者如何回应运动反对者的策略创新。以及（d）资源动员和运动叛乱之间的关系。本研究将考察1980-2005年期间的环境正义行动主义以及政府和企业对此的反应。 这个时间框架捕捉了美国环境正义行动主义的整个时期，使PI能够跟踪环境正义运动的兴起。 这项研究将采用多种方法收集和分析数据。 这项研究有三个基本组成部分：（a）对环境正义问题的报纸事件历史进行分析，（B）分析环境正义组织对其所从事活动的说明，（c）审查各组织从基金会和政府（环境）机构收到的资金数额。 研究人员将使用Lexis/Nexis、OCLC Firstsearch和Proquest来查找出现在地方、地区和国家报纸、期刊和杂志上的相关文章。 报纸将是事件历史分析的主要来源。 然而，其他来源-如已发表的案例研究-将用于提供关于特定问题的背景资料。 . 将建立一个数据库，记录各组织报告的结构、意识形态和行动。 该数据库将从有色人种环境团体名录（1994年，2000年）中列出的调查组织，从网站和从资助者收集的信息中汇编。 分析的单位是环境正义运动。 虽然正在收集组织一级的数据，但将在运动一级进行分析。 这项研究将提供有价值的信息，环境正义运动，其对手和支持者之间的制度和战术的相互作用。 它还将提供宝贵的数据，帮助我们更好地了解环境正义组织和公司如何界定问题，制定动员战略和科普冲突。 本研究以社会运动理论探讨环境正义运动的动态。 它扩大了以前的环境正义研究的范围，试图研究活动家和企业的索赔和政府行为。 这项研究有可能回答重要的进口问题，研究人员审查环境正义，企业和政府行为者之间的关系。