Interregional Interaction and Sociopolitical Change on the Peruvian Far North Coast

秘鲁远北海岸的区域间互动和社会政治变化

• 批准号: 0225469
• 负责人: Izumi Shimada
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-15 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0225469&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Interregional; Interaction; Sociopolitical; Change; Peruvian

With National Science Foundation support, Mr. Jorge Montenegro will conduct one year dissertation research to define the sociopolitical organization of local polities and the nature and dynamics of interregional interaction in the Upper Piura Valley on the Peruvian Far North Coast. Previous archaeological studies of culture contact have often emphasized the strategies and perceptions of dominant external "core" polities while ignoring those of the subjects or "peripheries". There is evidence of powerful Mochica (AD 300-750) and the Middle Sican (AD 900-1100) "core" polities, from coastal valleys to the south, in the study area. Yet the significance of this evidence and the nature of interaction between the local and these foreign polities are poorly understood. For example, was this interaction coercive or peaceful and/or negotiated? Was it politically or economically motivated? Was it continuous or discontinuous in time and space? Did it involve only a specific social segment or a broader segment? What led to their interaction? These research questions will be answered through a characterization of the local polities as reflected in their sociopolitical and economic structure, and testing of different scenarios and their expected material evidence. The first possibility is that interaction was coercive; a second scenario considers interaction as a more peaceful and/or negotiated process; and the last scenario is a potential situation of physical coexistence without much or any interaction. Settlement/land use pattern survey, test excavations, and pottery and architecture stylistic analysis are the methods proposed for data collection. Systematic surface survey will localize and determine the nature and patterns of site distribution and its surrounding environment. Aerial photographs and topographic, soil, hydrological, and vegetation maps will be used for this purpose. A total of ca. 100 sq-km is the estimated survey area. Sites thus discovered will be described, recorded, and mapped, and dimensions and locations will be measured and determined using a GPS receiver. A purposive collection of artifacts found on surface will give a good idea of the range of variation within a site's surface artifact assemblage. Finally, small test (2 x 2 or 4 x 4 m) pits will be excavated at some of the sites to collect radiocarbon samples, stratigraphic and site formation data. The data collected will be used to create a GIS database and perform spatial analysis. Laboratory analysis will be focused on a detailed observation of pottery recovered. A technological, stylistic, and morpho-functional classification and analysis will be carried out to better define the local polities' traditions and their relationship to those of foreign polities. This research is important for several reasons. It offers an excellent opportunity to study culture contact and to test and/or refine competing models of interregional interaction. It will establish a sound and necessary foundation for the planned long-term project investigating interactions between: 1) the Far North Coast and North Coast, and 2) these regions and the North Andes. Finally, this investigation will yield new information on an area that is relatively unknown archaeologically.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，豪尔赫·黑山先生将进行为期一年的论文研究，以确定秘鲁远北海岸上皮乌拉河谷地方政治的社会政治组织以及区域间互动的性质和动态。以前的文化接触考古学研究往往强调占主导地位的外部“核心”政治的战略和观念，而忽视了主体或“边缘”政治的战略和观念。有证据表明，在研究区域内，从沿海山谷到南部，有强大的莫奇卡(公元300-750年)和西干中部(公元900-1100)“核心”政体。然而，这一证据的重要性，以及当地和这些外国政治之间互动的性质，人们知之甚少。例如，这种互动是强制性的还是和平的和/或谈判的？这是出于政治动机还是经济动机？它在时间和空间上是连续的还是不连续的？它是只涉及一个特定的社会部分，还是涉及更广泛的部分？是什么导致了他们的互动？这些研究问题将通过对反映在当地社会政治和经济结构中的地方政治特征的描述，以及对不同情景及其预期的物质证据的测试来回答。第一种可能性是互动是强制性的；第二种情景认为互动是一个更和平的和/或经过谈判的进程；最后一种情景是没有太多或任何互动的实际共存的潜在情况。聚落/土地利用模式调查、测试挖掘、陶器和建筑风格分析是数据收集的建议方法。系统的地面测量将定位和确定场地分布及其周围环境的性质和模式。为此，将使用航空照片和地形图、土壤图、水文图和植被图。预计的调查面积约为100平方公里。这样发现的地点将被描述、记录和绘制地图，并将使用GPS接收器测量和确定尺寸和位置。有目的地收集地面上发现的文物将很好地了解场地表面文物组合的变化范围。最后，将在一些地点挖掘小型试验坑(2×2或4×4米)，以收集放射性碳样本、地层和场地形成数据。收集的数据将用于创建地理信息系统数据库和执行空间分析。实验室分析将重点对回收的陶器进行详细观察。将进行技术、风格和形态功能的分类和分析，以更好地界定当地政治的传统及其与外国政治的关系。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它为研究文化接触以及测试和/或完善区域间相互作用的竞争模式提供了极好的机会。它将为计划中的长期项目奠定坚实和必要的基础，该项目调查：1)远北海岸和北海岸之间的相互作用，以及2)这些地区和北安第斯山脉之间的相互作用。最后，这项调查将为考古学上相对未知的地区提供新的信息。