Travel for U.S. Participants in the 21st and 22nd International Cartographic Conferences in Durban, South Africa (August 2003) and A Coruna, Spain (July 2005)

在制图学和许多其他科学领域，研究和教育的进步越来越依赖于国际合作的发展，这些合作将来自许多不同国家的熟练学者和教育工作者聚集在一起。 国际接触和合作通过许多不同的方式发展，但最成功的方式之一是国际制图协会（伊卡）的定期会议。 自1959年以来，伊卡一直是制图研究的主要国际论坛，目前约有80个国家参加。 伊卡下一次两年期会议将于2003年8月在南非德班和2005年7月在西班牙拉科鲁尼亚举行。 为了促进美国科学家继续参与伊卡活动，并促进更多美国人在职业生涯的早期阶段参与国际网络，该奖项将提供团体旅行支持，使至少10名来自美国的早期职业制图师以及数量有限的更有经验的专业人士参加每次伊卡会议。 资金将分配给美国制图员，他们的申请将使用与积极参加会议有关的一些标准进行评估。 将向更多的年轻科学家提供旅费赠款，以鼓励他们参加国际讨论和交流，这一奖项将促进美国制图师更多地参加国际制图协会的全球论坛。 正如美国人的后续报告所表明的那样，他们以前得到了参加其他重大国际会议的旅费赠款，有很多机会与来自许多其他国家的专业同事会面，听取来自广泛不同观点的想法和信息，并参与经常导致成功研究合作的讨论。 这些会议因其地点而特别重要。 2003年伊卡会议将是第一次在非洲举行，这次会议的主题是“制图促进发展”。2005年会议的主题是“为不断变化的世界制定方法“。"

In cartography as in many other scientific fields, advances in research and education increasingly rely on the development of international collaborations that bring together skilled scholars and educators from many different nations. International contacts and collaborations develop through many different means, but one of the most successful has been periodic meetings of the International Cartographic Association (ICA). The ICA has been the primary international forum for cartographic research since 1959, and it currently involves approximately 80 nations. The ICA's next biennial meetings will occur in Durban, South Africa, in August 2003 and A Coruna, Spain, in July 2005. To facilitate the continued involvement of U.S. scientists in ICA activities and to facilitate the involvement of more Americans in international networks at early stages of their careers, this award will provide group-travel support to enable at least ten early-career cartographers from the U.S. as well as a limited number of more experienced professionals to attend each ICA meeting. Funds will be distributed to U.S. cartographers whose applications are evaluated using a number of criteria associated with active participation in the meeting. Travel grants will be given to more junior scientists in order to encourage their participation in international discussions and communications.This award will foster greater participation by U.S. cartographers in the global forum of the International Cartographic Association. As has been demonstrated in follow-up reports from Americans who have been supported with previous travel grants to other major international meetings, opportunities abound for meeting professional colleagues from many other nations, for hearing ideas and information from a broad range of different perspectives, and for participating in discussions that frequently result in successful research collaborations. These meetings will be especially important because of their locations. The 2003 ICA conference will be the first held in Africa, and the theme for this meeting is "Cartography for Development." The 2005 meeting's theme is "Mapping Approaches into a Changing World."