LTREB: Collaborative Research: Responses to Unpredictable Environmental Events: An Integrated Study of Stress Physiology, Environmental Cues, and Reproductive Success.

摘要大多数生物体所处的环境在空间和时间上都是变化的。 环境条件往往变化迅速，很少或根本没有预警。 生存和繁殖取决于动物感知这些不可预测事件的能力，以及快速和适当地调整生理和行为的能力。 应激反应是动物可以重新定向行为和生理以科普环境中不可预测事件的一种机制。 每年五月，当白冠麻雀返回它们的山区繁殖地时，天气条件极其不可预测，新雪可以暂时覆盖所有可用的觅食区域。 鸟类的行为可以迅速而戏剧性地改变，以应对这些风暴。 它们经常放弃繁殖地，暂时迁移到海拔较低的地方（即，在气候条件不太恶劣且有食物的地方进行临时海拔迁移。 该建议包括三种研究。 首先，在一系列的实地研究，食物供应，身体状况，应激生理和兼性海拔迁移之间的关系将进行调查。 其次，在实验室中，这些因素（食物供应，身体状况，应激生理和活动）之间的相互作用将在更受控的条件下进行测试。 第三，生殖成功将被测量，允许环境，生理和健身之间的功能关系的评估。 更广泛的影响：这项研究将作出几项一般性贡献。 它将为一些本科生和研究生提供研究和培训机会。 PI非常重视本科生参与研究，这个项目将反映这一点。 该项目的几个方面（确定积雪变化，食物供应，领土质量，鸟巢位置和使用无线电遥测的鸟类个体定位）是本科项目的理想选择。 该项目还有助于本科生参与实验室研究;鸟类在圈养研究中非常温顺。 作为一个综合性的合作项目，它将促进大学之间的互动，并有助于开发跨领域的方法来研究生理学和行为。 这项研究也将有助于维持一个长期的数据库，对这个物种的繁殖生物学，开始由马丁L。1968年的莫顿 随着环境条件（积雪深度，积雪，温度），身体状况和繁殖时间的持续数据，我们可以研究可能受全球气候变化影响的人口特征的长期趋势，如总体人口生殖输出或跨年度成年生存率。

Breuner Hahn Abstract Most organisms occupy environments that vary in space and time. Environmental conditions often change rapidly, with little or no advance warning. Survival and reproduction depend on animals' ability to perceive these unpredictable events and to adjust physiology and behavior quickly and appropriately. The stress response is one mechanism by which animals can redirect behavior and physiology to cope with unpredictable events in the environment. When white-crowned sparrows return to their mountain breeding grounds each May, weather conditions are extremely unpredictable, and fresh snow can temporarily cover all available foraging areas. The birds' behavior can change rapidly and dramatically in response to these storms. They often abandon breeding territories and move temporarily to lower elevations (i.e., make facultative altitudinal migrations), where weather conditions are less severe and food is available. This proposal includes three kinds of studies. First, in a series of field studies the relationships between food availability, body condition, stress physiology and facultative altitudinal migration will be investigated. Second, in the laboratory, interactions between these factors (food availability, body condition, stress physiology and activity) will be tested under more controlled conditions. Third, reproductive success will be measured, permitting the evaluation of the functional relationships among the environment, physiology, and fitness. Broader impacts: This study will make several general contributions. It will provide research and training opportunities for several undergraduates and graduate students. The PIs place strong emphasis on undergraduate involvement in research, and this project will reflect that. Several aspects of this project (determination of changes in snow cover, food availability, territory quality, nest location and individual localization of birds using radiotelemetry) are ideal for undergraduate projects. The project also lends itself to involvement of undergraduates in laboratory studies; the birds are extremely tractable in captive studies. As an integrative, collaborative project, it will foster interactions among universities, and help to develop field-bridging approaches to the study of physiology and behavior. This study will also serve to maintain a long-term database on the breeding biology of this species, started by Martin L. Morton in 1968. With the continuing data on environmental conditions (snow depth, snow cover, temperature), body condition, and timing of reproduction, we can examine long-term trends in features of the population that may be affected by global climate change, such as overall population reproductive output or inter-year adult survivorship.