DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Systematics and Biogeography of the Genus Hysterangium (Basidiomycota, Phallales)

论文研究：Hysterangium 属（担子菌门、Phallales）的系统学和生物地理学

• 批准号: 0309412
• 负责人: Joseph Spatafora
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-01 至 2004-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0309412&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Systematics; Biogeography; Genus

A grant has been awarded to Dr. Joseph Spatafora and Mr. Kentaro Hosaka at Oregon State University to conduct the study "Systematics and biogeography of the genus Hysterangium". Hysterangium is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi that produces fruiting bodies below ground. Unlike many of the above ground mushrooms, which can disperse their spores by wind, Hysterangium's spores are only dispersed when consumed by animals and deposited with their feces. This fact implies that long distance (e.g., intercontinental) dispersal of Hysterangium is improbable. The distribution of Hysterangium, however, is worldwide. This can be explained by the hypothesis that Hysterangium is a rather ancient organism and its present distribution was caused by the breakup of the supercontinent Pangaea. Importantly, Hysterangium forms mycorrhizae (beneficial relationships with the roots) with many different tree species. Because these relationships are specific, Hysterangium and host trees may have cospeciated. The overall goal of this study is to develop robust hypotheses for biogeography and cospeciation of Hysterangium by collecting and analyzing DNA sequences. To achieve this goal, field expeditions to previously underrepresented areas, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, and New Zealand, will be conducted with a special emphasis on the Nothofagus (southern beech) forests.Hysterangium is an important component of forest ecosystems. It produces abundant fruiting bodies, and many animals are heavily dependent on such below ground mushrooms in their diet. Also, mycorrhizal relationships of Hysterangium and host trees are mutualistic. Surveying the Hysterangium flora of Nothofagus forests provides a more clear understanding of these ecosystems, which in turn facilitates more proper forest management. Despite the fact that fungi are one of the most diverse groups of organisms on earth, biogeography of fungi is poorly understood. This study will provide more accurate understanding of biogeographic and cospeciation patterns of mycorrhizal fungi with Hysterangium as a model organism.

俄勒冈州立大学的Joseph Spatafora博士和Kentaro Hosaka先生获得了一笔赠款，用于开展这项名为“Hysterangium属的系统学和生物地理学”的研究。Hysterangium是一种形成蘑菇的真菌，在地下产生子实体。与许多地面蘑菇不同的是，它们可以通过风传播孢子，而Hysterangium的孢子只有在被动物食用并与它们的粪便一起沉积时才会散布。这一事实意味着Hysterangium的远距离(例如洲际)扩散是不可能的。然而，Hysterangium的分布是世界范围的。这可以用一种假设来解释，即Hysterangium是一个相当古老的有机体，它现在的分布是由超大陆泛古大陆的解体造成的。重要的是，Hysterangium与许多不同的树种形成菌根(与根的有益关系)。因为这些关系是特定的，Hysterangium和寄主树可能是共种的。这项研究的总体目标是通过收集和分析DNA序列，为Hysterangium的生物地理学和共种建立可靠的假说。为了实现这一目标，将对巴布亚新几内亚、新喀里多尼亚和新西兰等以前人数不足的地区进行实地考察，特别强调Nothofagus(南部山毛榉)森林。它产生丰富的子实体，许多动物在饮食中严重依赖这种地下蘑菇。此外，Hysterangium和寄主树木的菌根关系是互惠互利的。调查Nothofagus森林的Hysterangium植物区系可以更清楚地了解这些生态系统，这反过来又有助于更适当的森林管理。尽管真菌是地球上最多样化的生物群之一，但人们对真菌的生物地理学知之甚少。这项研究将为更准确地了解菌根真菌的生物地理和共种格局，并以Hysterangium为模式生物。