YIA: Identifying the Targets of Selection During Sunflower Domestication

摘要农作物从野生近缘种驯化是对种子休眠和传播、生长形态、开花时间、产量、适口性和营养价值等性状进行强烈选择的结果。这种选择导致控制这些性状的基因内部和周围的遗传变异显著减少，从而为鉴定农学上重要的基因提供了一种手段。本研究旨在鉴定和鉴定向日葵在驯化和后续改良过程中经历选择的基因。本研究的主要目标是根据分子遗传标记和DNA测序数据，确定具有群体遗传“选择特征”的基因。一个相关的目标是根据这些基因的基因组位置与先前在向日葵中绘制的性状以及通过基因表达分析来研究这些基因的功能。总的来说，这项研究的结果将提供比目前更详细的了解世界上最重要的油籽作物之一的起源和进化。这项工作还将为科学界开发永久性遗传资源，包括800个基于基因的简单序列重复（SSR）标记，以及从推定选择的基因和根据其与其他分类群中已知功能基因的相似性鉴定的候选基因中获得的DNA序列数据。所有数据将在发布后通过公共数据库提供，包括COMPOSITdb （http://compositdb.ucdavis.edu）、Compositae基因组计划数据库（http://compgenomics.ucdavis.edu）和GenBank。最后，这项工作将培养本科生、研究生和博士后研究人员开发和利用基因组工具，以及分析大型分子数据集

Award AbstractThe domestication of crop plants from their wild relatives is a result of strong selection on traits relating to things such as seed dormancy and dispersal, growth form, flowering time, yield, palatability, and nutritional value. This selection results in a characteristic decrease in genetic variation in and around the genes controlling such traits, thereby providing a means for identifying agronomically important genes. This research is aimed at identifying and characterizing genes that experienced selection during the domestication and subsequent improvement of sunflower. The primary goal of this research is to identify genes that bear the population genetic 'signature of selection' based on data derived from molecular genetic markers and DNA sequencing. A related goal is to investigate the function of these genes on the basis of their genomic locations relative to traits that have previously been mapped in sunflower as well as through analyses of gene expression. Taken together, the results of this research will provide a much more detailed understanding of the origin and evolution of one of the world's most important oilseed crops than is currently available. This work will also result in the development of permanent genetic resources for the scientific community, including 800 gene-based simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers as well as DNA sequence data derived from both putatively selected genes and candidate genes identified on the basis of their similarity to genes of known function from other taxa. All data will be made available upon publication via public databases including COMPOSITdb (http://compositdb.ucdavis.edu), the Compositae Genome Project Database (http://compgenomics.ucdavis.edu), and GenBank. Finally, this work will result in the training of undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral researchers in the development and utilization of genomic tools, as well as the analysis of large molecular datasets