Arctic/SubArtic Climate Change

北极和亚北极地区正在发生显著的气候变化。对大气、海洋和淡水/冰冻圈的单独分析都表明，在过去30年里，水循环加剧，海冰退缩，大西洋水域加速入侵，亚极地盐度下降，大西洋风暴渗透增加。意识到自然和人为造成的气候变化往往集中在北方高纬度地区，已经制定了一个名为ASOF(北极-亚北极海洋通量)的国际计划。欧洲和俄罗斯的捐款归为“ASOF-East”，而美国、加拿大、格陵兰和日本的捐款归为“ASOF-West”。这是一项支持ASOF-WEST协调、管理和综合的提案。智力上的优点。气候研究是所有科学事业中最广泛的事业之一。它涉及海洋/大气循环的物理，但也有化学和生物学的影响，随着时间的推移，还有地质学的影响。除了这些领域，气候研究还涉及到一套深刻的物理学动力学原理。虽然是理论上的。气候研究并不多，它们为数值模拟的不精确活动以及对许多和不同的观测结果的解释提供了必要的基础。更广泛的影响。ASOF计划影响了高纬度气候和全球气候的许多方面。我们的海洋、大气生物圈的演变变化是最令人关注的，因为它们表达了地球宜居性的变化。拟议的工作还将有助于培训和教育研究生，以及对北极变化、全球气候以及物理和生物世界的未来感兴趣的更多受众。在这项研究中采用的新技术(新型卫星传感器、自动潜航器)与更大的有技术素养的人社区建立了许多联系，并成为向公众传授气候和环境知识的兴趣点。

Striking climate change is occurring in the Arctic and subArctic region. Separate analyses of atmosphere, ocean and fresh-water/cryosphere all reveal an increasing hydrologic cycle, sea- ice retreat, accelerated incursion of Atlantic waters, decreasing subpolar salinity and increased penetration of Atlantic storms over the past 30 years. Realization that both natural and human- induced climate change tend to focus on high northern latitudes, an international program known as ASOF (Arctic-SubArctic Ocean Flux) has been developed. European and Russian contributions are grouped as 'ASOF-East' while contributions from the US, Canada, Greenland and Japan are grouped as 'ASOF-West.' This is a proposal to support coordination, administration and synthesis of ASOF-West. Intellectual merit. Climate research is one of the broadest of all scientific enterprises. It involves the physics of ocean/atmosphere circulation, yet with impacts of chemistry and biology and, over time, geology. Beyond these domains, climate research involves a deep set of dynamical principles of physics. While .theoretical. climate studies are not numerous, they provide essential underpinning for the inexact activity of numerical modelling, and for the interpretation of the many and diverse observations. Broader impacts. The ASOF program impacts many aspects of high-latitude climate, and global climate. The evolving changes in our ocean, atmosphere biosphere are of central concern, because they express the changing habitability of Earth. The proposed work will also contribute to the training and education of graduate students, and of a much larger audience interested in Arctic change, global climate, and the future of the physical and biological world. New technologies being brought to bear in this research (new satellite sensors, autonomous undersea vehicles) provide many connections with the larger community of technically literate people, and act as a point of interest for teaching the public about climate and environment.