CAREER: Origins of high Indo-West Pacific marine biodiversity: the role of allopatric divergence in marine environments.

印度-西太平洋（IWP）拥有世界上最高的海洋生物多样性。多样性梯度表明该地区是一个起源中心，但这一理论缺乏令人信服的机制来解释这种生物多样性的产生。尽管陆地生物学家在很大程度上依赖于异域模型来解释物种形成和生物多样性的创造，但在海洋生态系统中，异域分化的适宜性是值得怀疑的，在海洋生态系统中，远洋幼虫的扩散被认为促进了基因流动，限制了地理上孤立的种群之间的遗传分化。巴伯博士和其他人之前的工作挑战了这一假设，他们在整个IWP中发现了口足类动物种群中明显的区域遗传断裂，表明马六加海和弗洛雷斯海可能是远洋幼虫扩散的障碍。该项目将物理海洋学、种群遗传学和地理学整合到一个比较门地理学框架中，明确测试海洋物种异域分化与远洋幼虫扩散的作用。通过研究多种珊瑚礁物种的地理、时间和谱系一致性，将明确测试马六卡和弗洛雷斯海的异域差异（通过边缘种群的变异或隔离），从而大大提高我们对IWP中高海洋生物多样性起源和海洋环境进化过程的理解。这项工作将成为本科/研究生教育的基础，通过研究海洋环境中幼虫的扩散/招募和进化过程，将海洋生物学和现代分子遗传学结合起来。通过独立指导的研究，提供实地和实验室技术方面的培训，本科研究经验将扩展和加强课程工作。这项研究将形成一个科学交流、培训和指导研究生和印度尼西亚科学家的渠道，为下一代海洋科学家从事研究国际海洋计划海洋环境的积极职业做好准备。本科教育的努力将模糊分离海洋和分子生物学的传统界限，并通过提供有凝聚力和综合的研究经验来增加对海洋研究的兴趣。针对代表性不足的少数民族的积极招聘工作将增加海洋科学界的多样性。这些本科生研究活动与研究重点轨道上的新课程和现有课程相结合，将成为波士顿大学海洋项目扩展课程的典范，并将增加伍兹霍尔社区本科生的教育和研究机会。研究生教育和国际科学交流将扩大精通分子技术在海洋科学中的理论和应用的海洋科学家群体，并将促进IWP海洋研究的增加。通过这些共同努力取得的成果对海洋资源的管理至关重要。确定区域孤立的动物群和创造它们的过程将有助于确定区域管理单位，帮助国际海洋保护计划中高度威胁的珊瑚礁以具有生物学意义的方式制定海洋保护战略。将这些活动结合起来，将为从事研究和教育相结合的职业奠定基础，以便了解海洋环境中的扩散和进化过程。

The Indo-West Pacific (IWP) has the highest marine biodiversity in the world. Diversity gradients suggest that this region is a Center of Origin, yet this theory lacks a convincing mechanism to explain the creation of this biodiversity. Although terrestrial biologists rely heavily on allopatric models to explain speciation and the creation of biodiversity, the appropriateness of allopatric divergence is questionable in marine ecosystems where pelagic larval dispersal is assumed to facilitate gene flow and limit genetic differentiation among geographically isolated populations. Previous work Dr. Barber and others has challenged this assumption by identifying sharp regional genetic breaks in stomatopod populations throughout the IWP, suggesting that the Malucca and Flores Seas may act as barriers to pelagic larval dispersal. This project integrates physical oceanography, population genetics, and geography in a comparative phylgeographic framework to explicitly test the role of allopatric divergence in marine species with pelagic larval dispersal. By examining geographic, temporal, and genealogical concordance in multiple reef-dwelling species, allopatric divergence across the Malucca and Flores Seas (by vicariance or isolation of peripheral populations) will be explicitly tested, significantly advancing our understanding of the origins of high marine biodiversity in the IWP and of evolutionary processes in marine environments.This work will form the foundation of undergraduate/graduate education efforts in The form of courses that integrate marine biology and modern molecular genetics through the study of larval dispersal/recruitment and evolutionary processes in marine environments. Course work will be extended and enhanced by undergraduate research experiences that provide training in field and laboratory techniques through independent mentored research. The research will form a conduit for a scientific exchange, training, and mentoring graduate students and Indonesian scientists to prepare the next generation of marine scientists for active careers studying the marine environments of the IWP.Undergraduate educational efforts will blur traditional boundaries separating marine and molecular biology and will increase interest in marine research by providing cohesive and integrated research experiences. Aggressive recruitment efforts targeting underrepresented minorities for these opportunities will increase diversity within the marine science community. The combination of these undergraduate research activities with new and existing courses in a research emphasis track will serve as a model for expanding the curriculum in the Boston University Marine Program and will increase undergraduate educational and research opportunities within the Woods Hole community. Graduate education and international scientific exchanges will expand the community of marine scientists that are proficient in the theory and application of molecular techniques to marine science, and will fertilize an increase in marine research focused in the IWP. The results produced through these combined efforts are essential to the management of marine resources. Identification of regionally isolated faunas and the processes that create them will aid in identifying regional management units, helping marine conservation strategies in the highly threaten reefs of the IWP to be framed in a biologically meaningful fashion. Combining these activities will provide the foundation for a career integrating research and education in the pursuit of understanding dispersal and evolutionary processes in marine environments.