Presidential Donors' First Reactions to the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA): The 2004 Election Cycle

总统捐助者对 2002 年两党竞选改革法案 (BCRA) 的第一反应：2004 年选举周期

• 批准号: 0350936
• 负责人: Michael Munger
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Duke University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0350936&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Presidential; Donors; First; Reactions; Bipartisan

This research exploits a unique opportunity to build on a project two of the investigators recentlycompleted, a survey of presidential donors who gave in the 2000 cycle. The passage of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 (BCRA) significantly altered federal campaign finance regulations. The researchers will compare presidential giving in 2004 to that in 2000 to examine how presidential donors respond to the new rules. This comparison involves both a panel study of respondents to the 2000 project and a replication of the 2000 project using a separate, representative sample of donors in the 2004 presidential election.The panel element of this study entails re-surveying 2,905 respondents who gave to one of 10presidential candidates in 2000 - the 9 candidates who raised over $5 million and Ralph Nader. These respondents, from whom a sizeable data set has already been collected, comprise a random sample of the 2000 donors, stratified by candidate and contribution size. The panel format is essential; it is the only way to assess who contributes repeatedly and who does not, and to measure the motives underlying the decision (not) to contribute. The replication, which entails surveying a random sample of 6,000 members of the 2004 donor pool, is equally important. A new cross-sectional survey is the only way to examine how the BCRA changes the donor pool in 2004. The panel study measures changes in behavior of individual donors in response to the BCRA; the cross-sectional replication measures aggregate change. The investigators will merge the data they collect with data - available from the Federal Election Commission - that describe the contributions that each respondent made, its amount, the date it was made, and the donor's occupation. The results will be compared to the analogous data set already collected from the 2000 donor pool. Knowledge of the BCRA's provisions and data collected from the 2000 donor pool make possible examination of this law's effects. The project examines three major questions:o How does the BCRA affect the transparency of giving? The BCRA will likely make givingmore transparent, as it increases hard-money limits and reduces the avenues open to soft money.o How does the BCRA affect giving? Will donors give larger amounts to fewer candidates (andorganizations), or will they simply increase the total amounts they give?o How does the BCRA affect the behaviors of different subsets of the donors pool (e.g. doRepublican donors take greater advantage of the raised limits than do Democrats? Do those whodo not give larger amounts become more active in other ways such as working for campaigns?)?Broader ImpactThe project benefits both the scholarly and the policy-making communities. It providesvaluable data at a critical juncture in the history of campaign finance regulation. It also helps to train the next generation of researchers; its location, focus, scope, and substance make it particularly suitable for involving both graduate and a large number of undergraduate students in research.

这项研究利用了一个独特的机会，以两名调查人员最近完成的一个项目为基础，对2000年周期中捐赠的总统捐赠者进行了调查。《2002年两党竞选改革法》（BCRA）的通过极大地改变了联邦竞选财务条例。研究人员将比较2004年和2000年的总统捐赠，以研究总统捐赠者对新规定的反应。这一比较包括对2000年项目的受访者进行的小组研究，以及对2000年项目的复制，其中使用了2004年总统选举中具有代表性的捐赠者样本。这项研究的小组元素需要重新调查2，905名受访者，他们在2000年向100名总统候选人中的一位捐款-9名筹集超过500万美元的候选人和拉尔夫·纳德。这些答复者是从2 000个捐助者中随机抽取的样本，按候选人和捐款规模分层，已经收集了相当大的数据集。小组形式至关重要;这是评估谁反复捐款，谁不捐款，以及衡量决定捐款（不捐款）的动机的唯一办法。同样重要的是，复制工作需要对2004年捐助者库中的6 000名成员进行随机抽样调查。一项新的横截面调查是审查2004年BCRA如何改变捐助者群体的唯一途径。小组研究测量个体捐赠者对BCRA的反应行为的变化;横断面复制测量总体变化。调查人员将把他们收集的数据与联邦选举委员会提供的数据合并，这些数据描述了每个受访者的捐款、捐款金额、捐款日期以及捐款人的职业。将把结果与已经从2000年捐助者库收集的类似数据集进行比较。了解BCRA的条款和从2000年捐助者库收集的数据，可以检查该法律的影响。该项目研究了三个主要问题：o BCRA如何影响捐赠的透明度？BCRA可能会使捐赠更加透明，因为它增加了硬钱限制，减少了软钱的渠道。捐赠者会把更多的钱给更少的候选人（和组织），还是仅仅增加他们的捐赠总额？o BCRA如何影响捐赠者池中不同子集的行为（例如，共和党捐赠者比民主党人更好地利用提高的限额？那些不捐更多钱的人会在其他方面变得更积极吗？更广泛的影响该项目有利于学术界和决策界。它在竞选资金监管历史的关键时刻提供了有价值的数据。它还有助于培养下一代研究人员;它的位置，重点，范围和内容使其特别适合研究生和大量本科生参与研究。