Evolution of ENSO during the Holocene

根据这项奖励，私人投资者将在热带太平洋中部的塔拉瓦环礁(北纬1N，东经172E)钻探珊瑚礁，试图重建过去10K年来厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜(ENSO)的变化。PIS建议基于18O地球化学替代物来测量海面盐度和温度。塔拉瓦环礁的PIS试点研究表明，典型的ENSO事件最早发生在距今7760年之前，当时一些研究人员表示，他们在厄瓜多尔湖泊沉积物中没有发现ENSO的证据。ENSO热带太平洋海洋/大气异常是全球气候变异性的主要来源，有时会造成灾难性后果。仪器数据以及中间和耦合模式表明，热带太平洋十年尺度和可能千年尺度的海表面温度变率与厄尔尼诺/拉尼娜异常场具有相似的异常模式。一个引人注目的发现是，在距今5000年至12000年前的陆地气候代理记录中没有海洋/气候变化的ENSO波动，这引发了ENSO模型界和古海洋学界的新研究。过去一个世纪的气候资料表明，随着热带太平洋异常的频率和强度的变化，一些地区的气候对ENSO的响应也发生了变化。

Under this award the PIs will drill the reef at Tarawa Atoll (1N, 172E) in the central tropical Pacific in attempt to reconstruct El Nino/La Nina (ENSO) variability over the past 10K years. The PIs propose to measure sea surface salinity and temperature based on the 18O geochemical proxy. The PIs pilot study at Tarawa Atoll shows that typical ENSO events occurred as early at 7,760 years before present, during a time when some researchers say they did not detect evidence for ENSO in Ecuador lake sediments. ENSO tropical Pacific ocean/atmosphere anomalies are a dominant source of global climate variability, sometimes having catastrophic consequences. Instrumental data and intermediate and coupled models indicate that decadal and possibly millennial-scale sea surface temperature variability in the tropical Pacific have similar anomaly patterns to the El Nino/La Nina anomaly fields. A remarkable finding that the ENSO fluctuations of ocean/climate change were absent in terrestrial climate proxy records between 5,000 and 12,000 years before present has sparked new research in the ENSO modeling and paleoceanographic communities. Climate data for the past century show that some regions have changed their climate response to ENSO, as the frequency and intensity of tropical Pacific anomalies changed.