Structure and Electromagnetic Moments of Exotic Nuclei

智能价值核物理的前沿领域之一涉及研究原子核的结构，这些原子核与我们所知的代表物质的稳定原子核非常不同。这些原子核是不稳定的，必须在专用的加速器中产生。在一般的原子核中，单个核子从一个能级到另一个能级的激发预计会随着质子或中子的组成数量的变化而变化。任何单个核子的特性，无论是质子还是中子，都可以通过碰撞过程中单个核子从一个原子核转移到另一个原子核的反应来探测。将在相对较低的能量下用含有大量中子的稀有的原子核同位素束来研究中子被转移的反应。这些研究只能在橡树岭国家实验室的霍尔菲尔德放射性离子束设备(HRIBF)产生的束流中进行。核物理中的另一个挑战旨在了解远不稳定核的激发作为能量和角动量的函数。这一提议的第二个重点将通过测量磁性来解决激发态的微观结构。这些研究将影响对核子之间相互作用的理解，并将阐明单个粒子与下面的球形或变形的核核的相互作用。用较重的原子核轰击轻原子核的新技术已经被开发出来，并用放射性束流进行了测试。拟议活动的结构旨在对研究生和本科生以及博士后协会的教育和培训产生尽可能大的影响。该项目还将通过包括女性或来自其他代表性不足背景的早期职业科学家，加强核科学工作人员的多样性。这些早期职业学者参与前沿研究，将为他们在教育、基础和应用研究、国家实验室和工业中的职业生涯做好准备。核物理结果在天文学、了解银河系中观察到的元素的丰度、凝聚态物理、了解瞬变超精细的微观成分、以及国家安全、了解裂变碎片的性质和反应方面也是重要的。

Intellectual MeritOne of the frontier areas of nuclear physics involves the study of the structure of the nucleiof atoms which are very dierent from the stable nuclei that represent matter as we know it.These nuclei are unstable and have to be produced in dedicated accelerators. In nuclei in general,the excitations of individual nucleons from one energy level to another are expected to changeas a function of the constituent number of protons or neutrons. The characteristics of any onesingle nucleon, whether proton or neutron, can be probed by reactions in which individual nucleonsare transferred from one nucleus to another during a collision. Reactions in which a neutron istransferred will be studied at relatively low energies with rare isotope beams of nuclei that contain alarge number of neutrons. These studies can only be carried out with beams such as those producedat the Holield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.Another challenge in nuclear physics aims at understanding the excitations of nuclei far-from-stability as a function of energy and angular momentum. The second focus of this proposal willaddress, via measurements of magnetic properties, the microscopic structure of excited states.These studies will impact on the understanding of the interactions between nucleons, and willilluminate the interplay of individual particles with the underlying spherical or deformed nuclearcores. New techniques involving bombarding light nuclei with heavier ones have been developedand tested with radioactive beams. The method will now be applied at HRIBF.Broader Impacts.The structure of the proposed activities is designed to have as large as possible an impact on theeducation and training of graduate and undergraduate students, as well as postdoctoral associates.The project will also serve to enhance the diversity of the nuclear science workforce by includingearly career scientists who are women or come from other under-represented backgrounds. Theparticipation of these early career scholars in the forefront research would prepare them for careersin education and basic and applied research, in national laboratories and industry.The nuclear physics results are also of importance in astronomy, to understand the abundanceof elements observed in the galaxy, condensed matter physics, to understand the microscopic com-ponents of the transient hyperfine, and national security, to understand properties of andreactions on fission fragments.