Structure and Electromagnetic Moments of Exotic Nuclei

智力成就核物理学的前沿领域之一涉及对原子核结构的研究，这些原子核与我们所知道的代表物质的稳定原子核有很大的不同。这些原子核是不稳定的，必须在专门的加速器中产生。一般来说，在原子核中，单个核子从一个能级到另一个能级的激发被认为是质子或中子组成数的函数。任何单个核子的特性，无论是质子还是中子，都可以通过在碰撞过程中单个核子从一个核转移到另一个核的反应来探测。中子转移的反应将在相对较低的能量下用含有大量中子的稀有同位素束核进行研究。这些研究只能用橡树岭国家实验室的霍尔德放射性离子束设施（HRIBF）产生的光束进行。核物理学的另一个挑战是理解远离稳定的原子核的激发，作为能量和角动量的函数。本提案的第二个重点将通过测量磁性来解决激发态的微观结构。这些研究将影响对核子之间相互作用的理解，并将阐明单个粒子与潜在的球形或变形核芯的相互作用。用较重的原子核轰击轻原子核的新技术已经被开发出来，并用放射性光束进行了测试。该方法现在将在HRIBF得到应用。更广泛的影响。拟议活动的结构旨在对研究生和本科生以及博士后的教育和培训产生尽可能大的影响。该项目还将通过纳入女性或来自其他代表性不足背景的早期职业科学家，从而有助于增强核科学工作人员的多样性。这些早期职业学者参与前沿研究将为他们在国家实验室和工业领域从事教育、基础研究和应用研究做好准备。核物理结果在天文学、了解在星系中观测到的元素丰度、凝聚态物理、了解瞬态超精细的微观成分以及国家安全、了解裂变碎片上反应的性质等方面也具有重要意义。

Intellectual MeritOne of the frontier areas of nuclear physics involves the study of the structure of the nucleiof atoms which are very dierent from the stable nuclei that represent matter as we know it.These nuclei are unstable and have to be produced in dedicated accelerators. In nuclei in general,the excitations of individual nucleons from one energy level to another are expected to changeas a function of the constituent number of protons or neutrons. The characteristics of any onesingle nucleon, whether proton or neutron, can be probed by reactions in which individual nucleonsare transferred from one nucleus to another during a collision. Reactions in which a neutron istransferred will be studied at relatively low energies with rare isotope beams of nuclei that contain alarge number of neutrons. These studies can only be carried out with beams such as those producedat the Holield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility (HRIBF) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory.Another challenge in nuclear physics aims at understanding the excitations of nuclei far-from-stability as a function of energy and angular momentum. The second focus of this proposal willaddress, via measurements of magnetic properties, the microscopic structure of excited states.These studies will impact on the understanding of the interactions between nucleons, and willilluminate the interplay of individual particles with the underlying spherical or deformed nuclearcores. New techniques involving bombarding light nuclei with heavier ones have been developedand tested with radioactive beams. The method will now be applied at HRIBF.Broader Impacts.The structure of the proposed activities is designed to have as large as possible an impact on theeducation and training of graduate and undergraduate students, as well as postdoctoral associates.The project will also serve to enhance the diversity of the nuclear science workforce by includingearly career scientists who are women or come from other under-represented backgrounds. Theparticipation of these early career scholars in the forefront research would prepare them for careersin education and basic and applied research, in national laboratories and industry.The nuclear physics results are also of importance in astronomy, to understand the abundanceof elements observed in the galaxy, condensed matter physics, to understand the microscopic com-ponents of the transient hyperfine, and national security, to understand properties of andreactions on fission fragments.