DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Adaptive Functions of California Towhee (Pipilo crissalis) Duet Song

论文研究：加利福尼亚Towhee （Pipilo crissalis）二重唱的自适应功能pi: Walter Koenig和Lauryn benedicit提出的研究将检查加利福尼亚Towhee （Pipilo crissalis）二重唱作为解决社会一夫一妻制鸟类之间声音交流进化的工具。以前对二重唱的研究很少，特别是在温带物种中，并且未能就这种复杂特征的功能意义达成普遍共识。将具体说明二重唱的离散生殖成本和收益，以便对预测和相关假设进行实验测试。先前的研究表明，加利福尼亚蟾蜍的二重唱出现在各种情况下，如保卫领土、保护配偶、确保伴侣的承诺和个人认可。本研究将通过考虑成对的二重唱对个体产生的多种潜在好处，对声乐二重唱功能进行综合、完整的分析，并将是首次通过实验测试鸟类二重唱功能的多种适应性假设的研究之一。

Dissertation Research: Adaptive functions of California Towhee (Pipilo crissalis) duet songPI: Walter Koenig and Lauryn BenedictThe proposed research will examine California Towhee (Pipilo crissalis) duet song as a tool for addressing the evolution of vocal communication between pairs of socially monogamous birds. Previous studies of duetting have been few, especially among temperate species, and have failed to arrive at a general consensus regarding the functional significance of this complex trait. Discrete reproductive costs and benefits of duet song will be specified to allow for experimental tests of predictions and relevant hypotheses. Previous research suggests that duetting in California Towhees occurs in a variety of contexts such as territory defense, mate guarding, ensuring partner commitment, and individual recognition. This study will provide an integrated, complete analysis of vocal duet function by considering multiple potential benefits accrued to individuals in pairs that duet and will be one of the first studies to experimentally test multiple adaptive hypotheses for the function of duet song in birds.