General Purpose Database of Knowledge about Actions

有关行动的通用知识数据库

• 批准号: 0412907
• 负责人: Vladimir Lifschitz
• 金额: $ 37.5万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-12-01 至 2007-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0412907&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: General; Purpose; Database; Knowledge; about

The objective of this project is to build a general purpose database of commonsense facts about actions expressed in the language of the Causal Calculator (CCalc). CCalc is a system for automated reasoning about actions and for plan generation. Its language has been used to formalize many small action domains, such as the blocks world and the Missionaries and Cannibals puzzle, and also several medium-size domains, such as Sandewall's Zoo World. Building a general purpose database of knowledge about actions will be a step towards solving the problem of generality in knowledge representation.Building on past efforts, this project will isolate the concepts and principles that these and similar individual domains have in common, and build a database of such principles stated in a general form. The creation of such a data base will make it possible to obtain formalizations of many individual action domains, including those studied in the past, by adding domain-specific facts. The database will include general assumptions about the effects, both direct and indirect, of actions of various kinds, about the executability of actions, and about agents that execute them. Some of these facts have to do with objects and change in their locations and internal states. For instance, one useful assumption is that normally an agent can execute an action affecting the location or state of an object only if the agent is located next to the object. Another is that an object is typically supported by something--by horizontal surfaces of some kind, or by other objects supported by such a surface--and that moving the object indirectly affects the locations of the things that are supported by that object. The database will also contain commonsense facts about creating and destroying objects, about animals and humans, about buying and selling, about actions related to knowledge and memory, etc.

这个项目的目标是建立一个通用数据库的常识性事实的行动表示的语言的因果计算器（CCalc）。CCalc是一个自动推理行动和计划生成的系统。它的语言已经被用于形式化许多小的动作域，如积木世界和传教士和食人族难题，以及一些中型域，如Sandewall的动物园世界。建立一个关于行动的知识的通用数据库将是解决知识表示的通用性问题的一个步骤。在过去的努力的基础上，这个项目将分离出这些和类似的个别领域共有的概念和原则，并建立一个以通用形式陈述的这些原则的数据库。建立这样一个数据库将有可能通过增加特定领域的事实，获得许多个别行动领域的形式化，包括过去研究过的行动领域。数据库将包括关于各种行为的直接和间接影响的一般假设，关于行为的可执行性，以及关于执行它们的代理人。其中一些事实与物体及其位置和内部状态的变化有关。例如，一个有用的假设是，通常只有当代理位于对象旁边时，代理才能执行影响对象的位置或状态的动作。另一个是，一个物体通常是由某种东西支撑的--由某种水平表面支撑，或者由这种表面支撑的其他物体支撑--移动物体间接地影响了物体支撑的物体的位置。该数据库还将包含有关创造和破坏物体、动物和人类、买卖、与知识和记忆有关的行为等常识性事实。