Genetics of Neurospora

脉孢菌遗传学

• 批准号: 0417282
• 负责人: Charles Yanofsky
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2007-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0417282&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Genetics; Neurospora

Neurospora crassa will be used to investigate gene silencing, development, and cell biology during the sexual phase of the life cycle. Studies will continue on the silencing of genes in DNA segments that are unpaired in meiosis, using new green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged genes to affirm the generality of silencing and to determine its time of onset and duration. GFP will be used to follow the movement of tagged gene products away from the nucleus of origin following reactivation of genes in giant ascospores where all meiotic products are present in a common cytoplasm. Suppressors of silencing will be used to explore a possible relationship between meiotic silencing and the inactivation of sensitive ascospores by Spore-killer meiotic-drive elements. Parallel studies will investigate meiotic silencing in N. tetrasperma, a pseudohomothallic species in which ascus development is reprogrammed to produce four self-fertile heterokaryotic products. Other N. tetrasperma studies will examine strains from nature for the presence of cryptic Spore killer meiotic drive elements and deleterious recessive mutations. Crossing over in N. tetrasperma is abolished over most of the mating-type chromosome, possibly due to recently discovered structural differences between the chromosomes of opposite mating type. Genetically exchanging mating-type chromosomes between N. crassa and N. tetrasperma, via introgression, will examine the origin of differences in chromosome structure and assess their role in the evolution of the 4-spored condition in N. tetrasperma. The laboratory continues to draw on its long experience using the filamentous fungus Neurospora to explore fundamental problems of theoretical and practical interest. The research is expected to advance knowledge of gene-silencing mechanisms (important in development and defense), to further the understanding of genetic systems that are based on heterokaryons (two genetically different nuclei in the same cell), and to enhance the value of Neurospora as a reference model organism with which to compare other filamentous fungi, including plant and animal pathogens, commercially important species, and innumerable ecologically important forms.

粗糙脉孢菌将用于研究生命周期有性阶段的基因沉默、发育和细胞生物学。研究将继续研究减数分裂中未配对的 DNA 片段中的基因沉默，使用新的绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP) 标记基因来确认沉默的普遍性并确定其发生时间和持续时间。 GFP 将用于跟踪巨大子囊孢子中基因重新激活后标记基因产物远离起源核的运动，其中所有减数分裂产物都存在于共同的细胞质中。沉默抑制子将用于探索减数分裂沉默与孢子杀手减数分裂驱动元件导致的敏感子囊孢子失活之间可能的关系。平行研究将调查 N. tetrasperma 中的减数分裂沉默，这是一种拟同源物种，其中子囊发育被重新编程以产生四种自体受精的异核产物。 其他四子孢子虫研究将检查自然界中的菌株是否存在隐性孢子杀手减数分裂驱动元件和有害的隐性突变。四子猪笼草的大部分交配型染色体上的交换被消除，这可能是由于最近发现的相反交配型染色体之间的结构差异。通过基因渗入，在粗糙猪笼草和四子猪笼草之间进行交配型染色体的基因交换，将检查染色体结构差异的起源，并评估它们在四子猪笼草四孢条件进化中的作用。 该实验室继续利用其长期使用丝状真菌脉孢菌的经验来探索理论和实践感兴趣的基本问题。该研究预计将增进对基因沉默机制（对发育和防御很重要）的了解，进一步了解基于异核体（同一细胞中两个遗传上不同的核）的遗传系统，并提高脉孢菌作为参考模型生物的价值，用于比较其他丝状真菌，包括植物和动物病原体、商业上重要的物种和无数生态上重要的形式。