Ice Radar Studies of Mt. Veniaminof Volcano

韦尼亚米诺夫山火山的冰雷达研究

• 批准号: 0423424
• 负责人: Robert Jacobel
• 金额: $ 8.35万
• 依托单位: Saint Olaf College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0423424&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Ice; Radar; Studies; Mt.; Veniaminof

ABSTRACTJacobelOPP-0423424The Principal Investigator will collaborate with scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (U.S.G.S.), Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) to study Mt. Veniaminof on the Alaska Peninsula. The existence of a caldera ice field at the summit of this active volcano provides a natural laboratory for the study of volcano-ice-lava interactions and is thus an ideal setting for cross-disciplinary research. This interdisciplinary project will produce important results for both the fields of glaciology and volcanology. Recent studies by scientists at the Volcano Observatory have shown that Mt. Veniaminof has a more complex and explosive history than previously recognized, giving a new appreciation of its associated hazards. Yet, at the present time topographic constraints on the past (and future) pathways of both water and lava from the summit caldera are still unknown because it is covered by ice. The Principal Investigators will set up radio echo sounding experiments to explore the geometry and history of the ice mass now occupying the summit caldera. Potentially large ice volumes in the Veniaminof caldera raise the possibility of future lahar flows, interesting from both a theoretical and hazards perspective. Very small eruptions can produce outburst floods that have the potential to mobilize large amounts of loosely-consolidated debris, becoming virtual sediment factories with substantial impacts downstream. Specifically, they will measure ice volumes and image caldera topography to predict where water produced by an eruption would likely flow under a number of eruption scenarios. They will determine the distribution of heat flow within the caldera by using the radar to detect areas with liquid water. Finally, dependent on the thickness and extent of debris layers buried within the ice, they will study the dynamics and flow history of the ice field by mapping internal reflections revealed by the radar. The broader impacts of the project follow from the interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists from two very different institutions: the U.S. G. S. AVO and an undergraduate liberal arts college, St. Olaf College. This collaboration will provide excellent opportunities for outreach and education through each of the organizations involved. Two undergraduate students and a post doc will be involved in the project, together with the Principal Investigator. The appointment for the post doc involves both teaching and research, so that education is integral to the proposed activities. Information dissemination and outreach is a statutory obligation of the AVO, itself a joint program with the University of Alaska and the State of Alaska. AVO is the principal point of contact for information on volcanic activity and hazards assessment for government agencies, the media, and the public, and the Observatory maintains a vigorous outreach and public information program.

首席调查员将与美国地质调查局(UGS)、阿拉斯加火山观测站(AVO)的科学家合作研究芒特山。阿拉斯加半岛上的维尼亚米诺夫。这座活火山顶端的火山口冰场的存在为研究火山-冰-熔岩相互作用提供了一个天然实验室，因此是跨学科研究的理想环境。这一跨学科项目将对冰川学和火山学领域产生重要成果。火山观测站的科学家们最近的研究表明。维尼亚米诺夫的历史比以前认识到的更加复杂和爆炸性，这让人们对其相关危险有了新的认识。然而，目前，由于火山口顶部被冰覆盖，过去(和未来)来自火山口的水和熔岩路径的地形限制仍然未知。首席调查人员将建立无线电回波探测实验，以探索目前占据火山口顶端的冰块的几何和历史。从理论和危害的角度来看，维尼亚明火山口潜在的巨大冰量增加了未来火山喷发的可能性，这是有趣的。非常小的喷发可以产生暴发的洪水，有可能调动大量松散的碎屑，成为虚拟的泥沙工厂，对下游产生重大影响。具体地说，他们将测量冰量并拍摄火山口地形图像，以预测在一系列喷发情景下，喷发产生的水可能会流向哪里。他们将通过使用雷达探测含有液态水的区域来确定火山口内的热流分布。最后，根据埋在冰层中的碎屑层的厚度和范围，他们将通过绘制雷达揭示的内部反射图来研究冰场的动力学和流动历史。该项目的更广泛影响来自两个截然不同的机构的科学家之间的跨学科合作：美国俄亥俄航空航天局和一所本科文科学院圣奥拉夫学院。这一合作将通过每个参与的组织为外联和教育提供极好的机会。两名本科生和一名博士后将与首席调查员一起参与该项目。博士后的任命涉及教学和研究，因此教育是拟议活动的组成部分。信息传播和推广是AVO的法定义务，AVO本身是与阿拉斯加大学和阿拉斯加州州立大学的联合项目。AVO是政府机构、媒体和公众获取火山活动和危害评估信息的主要联络点，天文台保持着积极的外联和公共宣传计划。