Engineering the Unexpected: Sociotechnical Issues in the Design of Management Systems for Biohazardous Emergencies

设计生物危险紧急情况管理系统中的社会技术问题一个由人类学家、计算机科学家、医生和技术专家组成的跨学科团队提议创建一个用于灾害管理的信息系统的社会技术模型。该模型将根据采访、第一人称观察、公共报告和过去五年底特律/温莎国际大都市区实际紧急情况的其他数据来源构建。该模式将侧重于美国和加拿大的公共和私人机构用来协调其准备和应对的信息系统。该模型将用于：(A)评估关于将社会技术问题有效纳入灾害管理系统设计的具体假设；(B)为有效设计和使用应急管理信息技术提供指导。提出的模型将是功能模型和基于主体的模型的混合：在灾害的准备、响应和后果管理中，功能命令性和自组织动力学扮演着不同的角色。该模式将包括不同群体、公共当局、医疗专业人员、急救人员、家庭、社区甚至媒体的文化表现，只要这些文化差异对交流和信息的使用产生影响。这里提出的研究建立在韦恩州立大学多个学科和能力之间的独特合作基础上，以及与警察、消防、急救和其他从业人员的国际合作伙伴关系。这一伙伴关系确定了我们国家应对未来威胁的一个关键问题：在复杂的司法环境中协调多个机构，并开发与这种复杂情况相适应的系统。

Engineering the Unexpected: Socio-technical Issues in the Design of Management Systems for Biohazardous Emergencies An interdisciplinary team of anthropologists, computer scientists, medical doctors, and technology specialists proposes to create a socio-technical model of information systems used in disaster management. This model will be constructed from interviews, first-person observations, public reports, and other sources of data on actual emergencies in the Detroit/Windsor international metropolitan area over the past five years. The model will focus on the information systems that public and private agencies in the United States and Canada use to coordinate their preparation and response. The model will be used (a) to evaluate specific hypotheses regarding the effective integration of socio-technical issues into the design of disaster management systems, and (b) to provide guidance for the effective design and use of emergency management IT. The proposed model will be a hybrid of functional and agent-based models: In preparation for, response to, and consequence management of disasters, functional imperatives and self-organizing dynamics play differing roles. The model will incorporate representations of the cultures of the different groups, public authorities, medical professionals, first responders, families, communities, and even the media, insofar as these cultural differences have consequences for communication and the use of information. The research proposed here builds on a unique collaboration among multiple disciplines and capabilities at Wayne State University, and an international partnership with the Police, Fire, EMS, and other practitioners. This partnership has identified a critical issue in our Nations ability to respond to future threats: the coordination of multiple agencies in a jurisdictionally complex environment, and the development of systems appropriate to that complexity.