The role of star clusters in the evolution of the Galactic disk

我们的基本目标是了解星星团在银河系盘演化中的作用。这涉及到对年轻（嵌入）星团的研究，它们的生存或衰变，以及对经典疏散星团命运的研究。我们想确定在星系团演化的每个阶段恒星对圆盘的输入。我们的观测基础将是新的深空巡天，PPM-S（位置和固有运动-巡天，Röser和Demleitner 2009），约8亿颗恒星（和星系）下降到约R = 20等。我们将涵盖4个主要主题：a）使用PPM-S，我们将研究最年轻的，可能嵌入的一代疏散星团。这些在我们理解星星的形成和整个银河系盘的演化中起着重要的作用。然而，其中大多数仍然缺乏距离和年龄等基本参数。我们将使用PPM-S确定这些参数。B）我们将对所有年龄的未知聚类进行搜索（在具有一致测光的PPM-S中寻找空间和自行聚类）。这将导致在距离太阳至少3 kpc的范围内进行无偏的普查，并下降到一个明确定义的星等限制。c）我们将比较嵌入和经典疏散星团的星团形成率，并构建星团的初始光度函数（CILF）。d）我们将研究我们近邻（d <250 pc）的（约15个）疏散星团，直到低质量（0.2M <$）成员。此外，我们将构建一个完整的天蝎座-半人马座协会的恒星普查。虽然这是一个独立的（自主的）项目，但它是对海德堡SFB“银河系”计划中的子项目B2“银河系中的开放星星团”的补充。如果这两个项目都得到批准，我们将看到协同效应：向SFB的年轻同事转让专门知识，特别是从我们俄罗斯合作伙伴的经验中获得的知识，并为未来利用GAIA观测开发工具。

Our basic aim is understanding the role of star clusters in the evolution of the Galactic disk. This involves a study of young (embedded) clusters, their survival or decay, as well as a study of the fate of classical open clusters. We want to determine the stellar input to the disk at every stage of cluster evolution. Our observational basis will be the new deep sky survey, PPM-S (Positions and Proper Motions - Survey, Röser and Demleitner 2009), of some 800 million stars (and galaxies) down to about R = 20 mag. We will cover 4 major topics:a) Using PPM-S, we will study the youngest, possibly embedded generation of open clusters. These play an important role in our understanding of star formation and the evolution of the Galactic disk as a whole. However, most of them are still lacking even basic parameters like distance and age. We will determine these parameters using PPM-S.b) We will carry out a search for unknown clusters of all ages (looking for spatial and proper motion clusterings in PPM-S having consistent photometry). This results in an unbiased census within a distance of at least 3 kpc from the Sun and down to a well-defined magnitude limit.c) We will compare cluster formation rates of embedded and classical open clusters and construct the initial luminosity function of clusters (CILF).d) We will study the (about 15) open clusters in our immediate neighbourhood (d < 250pc) down to low-mass (0.2M⊙) members. In addition, we will construct a full stellar census of the Scorpius-Centaurus association. For both purposes, PPM-S is ideally suited.Although this is a stand-alone (autonomous) project, it is complementary to the subproject B2 “Open Star Clusters in the Milky Way” of the proposed SFB “The Milky Way System” from Heidelberg. Should both be approved we see synergetic effects: transfer of know-how to the younger colleagues of the SFB especially from the experience of our Russian partners, and developing tools for the future exploitation of the GAIA observations.