CAREER: A Novel Approach to Understanding Microbial Metabolism and Soil Carbon Dynamics

职业：了解微生物代谢和土壤碳动力学的新方法

• 批准号: 0447967
• 负责人: Serita Frey
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of New Hampshire
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0447967&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Novel; Approach; Understanding; Microbial

Soil carbon storage is determined to a large degree by the balance between plant productivity and organic matter decay. Soil microorganisms are the primary decomposers of organic matter and their metabolism controls how much carbon is lost from the soil and returned to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. One of the key factors determining the fate of soil carbon is the efficiency with which soil microorganisms convert organic matter to microbial biomass. Despite its importance in determining soil carbon dynamics, little is known about how microbial efficiency responds to environmental change. In this project, a new technique, calorespirometry will be used to make in situ measurements of microbial efficiency in soils exposed to chronic warming and nitrogen fertilization.Global change is altering the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. This project will focus on two aspects of global change that have particular significance for the northeastern U.S., warming and nitrogen deposition. This project will provide evidence for how warming and nitrogen fertilization interact to influence microbial metabolism and carbon loss from soils, and will provide valuable data for input into global carbon and soil organic matter models. Additionally, a five-year outreach program will be developed for the State of New Hampshire to provide accessible information to the general public on the services that ecosystems provide (e.g., air and water quality), and how global change is impacting the ability of ecosystems to maintain these services. This objective will be accomplished via a website, public service announcements on local National Public Radio stations, posters on public transport systems, and an ecosystems services module for New Hampshire Project Learning Tree, a statewide environmental education program.

土壤碳储量在很大程度上取决于植物生产力和有机质腐烂之间的平衡。土壤微生物是有机物的主要分解者，它们的新陈代谢控制着多少碳从土壤中流失并以二氧化碳的形式返回大气。决定土壤碳命运的关键因素之一是土壤微生物将有机质转化为微生物生物量的效率。尽管微生物效率在确定土壤碳动态方面很重要，但人们对微生物效率如何响应环境变化知之甚少。在这个项目中，将使用一种新的技术，即热量呼吸测量法，对长期变暖和施氮肥的土壤中的微生物效率进行现场测量。全球变化正在改变陆地生态系统的功能。该项目将重点关注全球变化的两个方面，这两个方面对美国东北部具有特殊意义，即变暖和氮沉积。该项目将为气候变暖和氮肥如何相互作用影响微生物新陈代谢和土壤碳损失提供证据，并将为全球碳和土壤有机质模型的输入提供宝贵的数据。此外，还将为新罕布夏州制定一项为期五年的推广计划，向公众提供关于生态系统提供的服务(例如，空气和水质量)以及全球变化如何影响生态系统维持这些服务的能力的信息。这一目标将通过网站、当地国家公共广播电台的公共服务公告、公共交通系统的海报以及全州环境教育计划新汉普郡项目学习树的生态系统服务模块来实现。