Theoretical Nuclear Structure Physics

理论核结构物理

• 批准号: 0500291
• 负责人: Jerry Draayer
• 金额: $ 9.45万
• 依托单位: Louisiana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0500291&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Theoretical; Nuclear; Structure; Physics

Our program is focused on gaining a better understanding of the properties of atomic nuclei, such as why certain nuclei like helium, oxygen, calcium, iron, etc. are more stable than their neighbors that are only a few nucleons richer or poorer, why nuclei like atoms form "closed shells" at "magic numbers" 2, 8, 20, 28, etc., why like-nucleons (protons or neutrons) like to pair with each other and less with one another, why some nuclei decay and others don't, and why a majority of nuclei have a deformed shape. Derivative issues are related to the energy released when some nuclei are fused (fusion) or when others break apart (fission). Truth be known, we simply do not understand nuclei either in terms of constituent parts - their quark substructure - or the strong forces that hold them together - the gluon fields that bind sets of three quarks into nucleons and nucleons to one another. Our goal is to understand real-world nuclei in terms of their building blocks and interactions between them, which spans questions as abstract as the origin of the universe and as practical as alternatives to fossil fuels.A cornerstone of the PI's program throughout its history has been the education and training of next generation scientists. Indeed, over the last ten years this program has produced eight Ph.D. students: two are continuing their research work as postdocs in academe, three hold staff positions in one of our national labs, and the remaining three are employed in industry. The PI is currently mentoring four Ph.D. students, two doing thesis work at DOE's JLab in Newport News, Virginia and another two still at LSU, one focused on "waiting point" nuclei that play a key role in nucleosynthesis and the other is working on so-called "no-core" shell-model calculations that is one of the field's "grand challenge" computational problems. The latter attempts to model the structure of real nuclei in terms of what is currently known about the constituent parts and the strong interaction. All but one of the students mentored through to the Ph.D. degree by the PI have been foreign nationals; all be one of these foreign national found practical training and ultimately long-term employment in the US.

我们的计划的重点是更好地了解原子核的性质，比如为什么某些原子核，如氦、氧、钙、铁等，比它们的邻居更稳定，只有几个核子丰富或贫穷，为什么像原子一样的原子核在“魔数”2,8,20,28等处形成“封闭壳”，为什么像核子（质子或中子）喜欢相互配对，而彼此之间的配对较少，为什么有些原子核衰变，而另一些则不会，以及为什么大多数原子核的形状都是变形的。衍生问题与一些核融合（聚变）或其他核分裂（裂变）时释放的能量有关。事实是，我们根本不了解原子核的组成部分——它们的夸克子结构——或者将它们结合在一起的强大力量——将三个夸克集合结合成核子和核子相互结合的胶子场。我们的目标是了解现实世界的原子核，从它们的组成部分和它们之间的相互作用来看，这些问题涵盖了从宇宙起源到化石燃料替代品的抽象问题。PI项目历史上的一个基石就是下一代科学家的教育和培训。事实上，在过去的十年中，这个项目已经培养了8名博士生：其中2人在学术界继续他们的博士后研究工作，3人在我们的一个国家实验室担任工作人员，其余3人在工业界工作。PI目前正在指导四名博士生，其中两名在弗吉尼亚州纽波特纽斯的能源部JLab做论文工作，另外两名仍在路易斯安那州立大学，一名专注于在核合成中起关键作用的“等待点”核，另一名致力于所谓的“无核”壳模型计算，这是该领域的“重大挑战”计算问题之一。后者试图根据目前已知的组成部分和强相互作用来模拟真实原子核的结构。在PI指导下获得博士学位的学生中，除一人外，其余均为外籍人士；所有这些外国人都在美国找到了实践培训并最终长期就业。