Root Foraging, Competition, and Coexistence in Heterogeneous Soils

异质土壤中的根部觅食、竞争和共存

• 批准号: 0501148
• 负责人: Tara Rajaniemi
• 金额: $ 19.66万
• 依托单位: University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-10-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0501148&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Root; Foraging; Competition; Coexistence; Heterogeneous

Rajaniemi0129493Competition can play a key role in structuring plant communities, and understanding the mechanisms of plant competitive interactions is therefore critical for successful management of natural and cultivated systems. Yet despite years of study, the nature of plant competitive interaction and their relationship to environmental conditions is incompletely understood and continues to be debated. Belowground competition and its relation to fine-scale heterogeneity in soil resources is a particularly little explored area, despite the ubiquity of soil heterogeneity in nature. This research will use experimental and modeling approaches to investigate root foraging traits and their relationship to plant competitive ability and plant community diversity in spatially heterogeneous soil. Greenhouse and field experiments will be used to measure the scale, precision, and rate of root foraging and their relationship to the competitive ability of herbaceous perennial species, including an important invasive weed. An especially novel focus of this research is the phenomenon of belowground size asymmetry and its role in plant competitive ability and community structure. Field experiments and simulation modeling will examine whether fine-scale heterogeneity affects competitive size symmetry and competitive hierarchies, and the consequences for plant species coexistence and the maintenance of plant community diversity. This research has the potential to redirect our understanding of root competition and its role in the structure of plant communities.

Rajaniemi0129493竞争在构建植物群落中发挥着关键作用，因此了解植物竞争相互作用的机制对于成功管理自然和栽培系统至关重要。然而，尽管经过多年的研究，植物竞争相互作用的本质及其与环境条件的关系仍未完全被理解，并且仍在继续争论。尽管自然界中土壤异质性普遍存在，但地下竞争及其与土壤资源细尺度异质性的关系是一个特别少被探索的领域。本研究将使用实验和建模方法来研究空间异质土壤中根部觅食特性及其与植物竞争能力和植物群落多样性的关系。温室和田间实验将用于测量根部觅食的规模、精度和速率及其与多年生草本物种（包括一种重要的入侵杂草）竞争能力的关系。这项研究的一个特别新颖的焦点是地下尺寸不对称现象及其在植物竞争能力和群落结构中的作用。田间实验和模拟建模将研究精细尺度异质性是否影响竞争性大小对称性和竞争性层次结构，以及对植物物种共存和植物群落多样性维持的影响。这项研究有可能改变我们对根系竞争及其在植物群落结构中的作用的理解。