International Research Fellowship Program: Song Evolution and Species-Limits in the Xiphorhynchus Guttatus Species-Complex\(Dendrocolaptidae)

[502407]国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行3至24个月的研究。该计划的奖励为联合研究提供了机会，并利用独特或互补的设施、专业知识和国外的实验条件。该奖项将支持Curtis a. Marantz博士与Jorge L. Perez Eman博士在委内瑞拉加拉加斯的委内瑞拉中央大学开展为期22个月的研究。在许多动物类群中，鸣叫被认为促进了生殖隔离，但直到最近才被用于研究新热带鸟类。为了更好地理解黄喉木爬行动物复群的区域生物地理和声音进化，本研究试图1)记录两个物种（X. guttatus和可可木爬行动物，X. susurrans）的地理分布以及该复群中出现在委内瑞拉的四个亚种群，2)确定有多少进化谱系被代表，3)使用比较方法检查该复群中的歌曲进化。4)评估发声在这些鸟类的生殖隔离中的重要性。他们将录制歌曲，并在委内瑞拉各地收集爬木鸟的标本。选择这些地点既是为了阐明潜在的地理差距，也是为了确定该类群中各分类群之间的接触区域。在委内瑞拉，这种物种复合体的进化谱系似乎与中美洲、加勒比海、圭亚那和亚马逊地区有亲缘关系。委内瑞拉Llanos可能代表了X. guttatus和X. susurrans的接触区，因此它是研究这些分类群生殖隔离的关键。在系统发育的背景下对声音数据的检查很可能会揭示一些声音的快速进化和生殖隔离不仅仅涉及歌曲。这个项目是为数不多的使用比较方法来研究歌曲进化的研究之一，它将是第一个将个体的声音变化结合起来的研究。与委内瑞拉各机构的合作加强了东道国的研究能力，同时它提供了来自一个区域的声音和基因样本，尽管该区域对区域生物地理学很重要，但在鸟类系统地理学研究中代表性不足。在委内瑞拉收集的所有标本将存放在加拉加斯的菲尔普斯鸟类收藏馆，所有录音将保存在纽约伊萨卡康奈尔鸟类实验室的自然声音图书馆，副本将留在委内瑞拉。

0502407MarantzThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct three to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-two-month research fellowship by Dr. Curtis A. Marantz to work with Dr. Jorge L. Perez Eman at the Universidad Central de Venezuela in Caracas, Venezuela.Vocalizations are believed to promote reproductive isolation in many animal taxa, but only recently have they been used in studies of Neotropical birds. To better understand regional biogeography and vocal evolution in the Buff-throated Woodcreeper complex, the present work seeks to 1) document the geographical distribution of the two species (X. guttatus and the Cocoa Woodcreeper, X. susurrans) and four subspecies groups in this complex that occur in Venezuela, 2) determine how many evolutionary lineages are represented, 3) examine song evolution in this complex using a comparative method, and 4) assess the importance of vocalizations in the reproductive isolation of these birds. The Pis will record songs and collect specimens of woodcreepers from sites across Venezuela. These sites were chosen both to elucidate potential geographical gaps and to locate areas of contact between taxa in this group. It appears that this species complex is represented in Venezuela by evolutionary lineages that have affinities to Central America, the Caribbean, the Guianas, and Amazonia. The Venezuelan Llanos likely represents a contact zone for X. guttatus and X. susurrans, so it is key to the study of reproductive isolation in these taxa. It is likely that examination of vocal data in a phylogenetic context will reveal both rapid evolution of some vocalizations and that reproductive isolation involves more than just songs. This project represents one of few studies to examine song evolution using a comparative method and it will be the first to incorporate vocal variation within individuals.Collaboration with Venezuelan institutions strengthens the research capabilities of the host country, while at the same time it provides vocal and genetic samples from a region that, despite its importance to regional biogeography, is underrepresented in studies of avian phylogeography. All specimens collected in Venezuela will be deposited at the Phelps Ornithological Collection in Caracas, and all sound recordings will be archived at the Library of Natural Sounds, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York, with copies remaining in Venezuela.