CSR---PDOS: Guiding and Validating Operator Behavior in Internet Services

互联网服务正在迅速成为全世界人们工作和休闲的一个组成部分。 随着这种流行和重要性，需要24 x7可用性。 然而，最近的研究表明，在最好的情况下，互联网服务只能达到99-99.9%的可用性，这意味着每年有8到80小时的停机时间。 具体来说，PI试图通过指导和验证运营商的行为来减少错误的影响，特别关注基于集群的互联网服务。 这种方法包括三个方面的努力：（1）通过采访和调查有经验的操作员、与志愿操作员进行实验以及举办几次操作员竞赛来探索操作员错误的性质及其对互联网服务的性能和可用性的影响;（2）开发操作员模型，用于根据错误的可能性指导操作员的行动;设计和原型验证基础设施，作为在线系统的一部分，但允许操作员在影响实时服务之前检查其操作的正确性。该项目的主要预期成果是证明指导和验证操作员操作的系统可以显著减少操作员错误对服务可用性的影响。 与可用性（和可用性）相关的其他研究工作的有价值的工件将包括：（1）关于操作员错误及其对服务性能和可用性的影响的广泛数据;（2）用于指导行动的操作员行为模型;以及（3）原型验证基础设施。

Internet services are rapidly becoming an integral part of people's work and leisure all over the world. With such popularity and importance comes the need for 24x7 availability. Yet, recent research suggests that, at best, Internet services are achieving only 99-99.9% availability, implying 8 to 80 hours of downtime per year.This project addresses a major source of unavailability: operator mistakes. Specifically, the PIs seek to reduce the impact of mistakes by guiding and validating operator actions, focusing specifically on cluster-based Internet services. This approach involves three efforts: (1) to explore the nature of operator mistakes and their impact on the performance and availability of Internet services by interviewing and surveying experienced operators, running experiments with volunteer operators, and running several operator contests; (2) to develop operator models that can be used to guide operator actions based on the likelihood of mistakes; and (3) to design and prototype a validation infrastructure that is part of the online system, yet allows operators to check the correctness of their actions before they can impact the live service.The main expected outcome of the project is a demonstration that systems that guide and validate operator actions can significantly reduce the impact of operator mistakes on service availability. Valuable artifacts for other research efforts relating to availability (and manageability) will include: (1) extensive data on operator mistakes and their impact on service performance and availability; (2) models of operator behavior for guiding actions; and (3) a prototype validation infrastructure.