Experimental Studies on Primate Locomotion

灵长类运动的实验研究

• 批准号: 0509190
• 负责人: Susan Larson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0509190&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Experimental; Studies; Primate; Locomotion

Humans belong to the Order Primates, and much of our anatomy and physiology can be best understood in the context of our primate heritage. There is some evidence that one aspect of that heritage may be unique patterns of neural control of limb movements. This proposition is based on observations documenting distinctive limb motions and patterns of muscle use during locomotion in primates compared to other mammals. However, because these uniquely primate aspects of locomotor behavior have been documented for only a handful of monkeys and apes, it is still premature to conclude what is or isn't characteristic of the Order. The current study was initiated to address the most significant gap in this knowledge base, namely, comparable information on the locomotor behavior of the most primitive primates - prosimians. This study will address two specific questions: The first concerns electromyographic documentation of patterns of muscle use during quadrupedal locomotion in prosimian primates. Do prosimian muscle recruitment patterns more closely resemble those of higher primates, those of nonprimates, or do they display some unique pattern of their own? Comparable data have already been collected on three prosimian species, and this proposal will add data for three additional species in order to adequately sample the range of anatomical and locomotor diversity among prosimians. With this completed data set, it will be possible to better characterize muscle use among prosimians, and determine whether previous conclusions are truly characteristic of the entire Order. The second research question focuses on the slow loris, Nycticebus coucang. One surprising aspect of this primate's locomotor mode is an unusual distribution of weight support between its fore- and hind limbs. Since there is currently no satisfactory explanation for how primates achieve their unique distribution of weight support, it is proposed that investigation of an exception to the common pattern may be a key to understanding the pattern itself.This proposal constitutes a request for continuing support for the Stony Brook Primate Locomotion Laboratory, a facility that has existed for nearly 30 years for the purpose of empirical investigation of the locomotor diversity displayed by humans and nonhuman primates, using state-of-the-art technology to document limb movement patterns, muscle recruitment profiles, and substrate reaction forces. The information collected has been used to address a wide variety of questions concerning form/function relationships that pertain to the evolution of humans and nonhuman primates. In addition to addressing the specific questions outlined above, the Stony Brook University Primate Locomotion Laboratory provides facilities for training both graduate and undergraduate students in the latest experimental methods, and on occasion hosts scholars from other institutions. In addition, the project investigators often supply data and answer specific questions regarding muscle activity patterns, limb use, or distribution of substrate reaction forces during primate locomotion for colleagues at other institutions. The Stony Brook Primate Locomotion Laboratory continues to serve as a major resource for students and senior researchers from around the world.

人类属于灵长目，我们的大部分解剖学和生理学可以在我们的灵长类遗传背景下得到最好的理解。 有一些证据表明，这种遗传的一个方面可能是肢体运动神经控制的独特模式。这一主张是基于观察记录独特的肢体运动和模式的肌肉使用在运动中的灵长类动物相比，其他哺乳动物。 然而，由于这些独特的灵长类运动行为方面只记录了少数猴子和猿，现在就得出结论是或不是该命令的特征还为时过早。 目前的研究是为了解决这个知识库中最重要的空白，即最原始的灵长类动物-原猴亚目动物的运动行为的可比信息。本研究将解决两个具体的问题：第一个问题涉及肌电记录的模式，在原猴亚目灵长类动物四足运动的肌肉使用。 原猴纲动物的肌肉补充模式是否更接近于高等灵长类动物的肌肉补充模式，还是非灵长类动物的肌肉补充模式，或者它们是否显示出自己的一些独特模式？ 已经收集了三个原猴亚目物种的可比数据，本提案将增加另外三个物种的数据，以充分采样原猴亚目动物的解剖和运动多样性。 有了这个完整的数据集，就有可能更好地描述原猴亚目的肌肉使用情况，并确定以前的结论是否真正代表了整个教团的特征。第二个研究问题的重点是缓慢的洛里斯，Nycticebus coucang。 这种灵长类动物的运动模式的一个令人惊讶的方面是它的前肢和后肢之间的重量支撑的不寻常的分布。 由于目前还没有令人满意的解释，灵长类动物如何实现其独特的分布重量支持，它建议，调查一个例外的共同模式可能是一个关键，以了解模式本身。这一建议构成了一个请求继续支持斯托尼布鲁克灵长类动物运动实验室，一个已经存在了近30年的设施，用于人类和非人类灵长类动物所显示的运动多样性的实证研究，使用最先进的技术来记录肢体运动模式，肌肉募集曲线和底物反作用力。 收集到的信息已被用来解决各种各样的问题，涉及到人类和非人类灵长类动物的进化形式/功能的关系。 除了解决上述具体问题外，斯托尼布鲁克大学灵长类动物运动实验室还为研究生和本科生提供最新实验方法的培训设施，并偶尔接待来自其他机构的学者。 此外，项目研究人员经常为其他机构的同事提供数据，并回答有关肌肉活动模式，肢体使用或灵长类动物运动过程中底物反作用力分布的具体问题。 斯托尼布鲁克灵长类动物运动实验室继续作为来自世界各地的学生和高级研究人员的主要资源。