Collaborative Research Proposal on Improvisation and Sensemaking in Sudden Crisis

关于突发危机中的即兴创作和意义建构的合作研究提案

• 批准号: 0510188
• 负责人: Tricia Wachtendorf
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Delaware
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0510188&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Proposal; Improvisation; Sensemaking

AbstractAfter the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, several hundred thousand commuters were evacuated from Lower Manhattan by an improvised fleet of ferries, tugs, yachts, sightseeing boats, and other assorted harbor craft. During and after this effort these same vessels, and others, shuttled emergency workers and supplies into the city to assist in the rescue and relief operations. These activities required individuals, groups, private companies, and government agencies to work together. Some had done so before, but many had not, yet they had to organize themselves and to coordinate their efforts under great stress, with changing and conflicting information, and with urgent needs for action. This project will study how they accomplished the evacuation and subsequent boat-lift of supplies: how they formed new relationships or relied on old ones, how they suspended existing procedures and developed new ones, how they gathered and exchanged information, and how they drew on old knowledge and new inspiration to form a rapidly-improvised but effective system for meeting the demands of an extraordinary crisis. The outcome of the study will be a framework for understanding how individuals and groups understand sudden change in their surroundings, how they communicate with others in complex environments, and how they develop new strategies for meeting emergency needs.Findings from this research will be of use to researchers who are interested in understanding and improving people's ability to respond to crisis situations as well as to emergency management practitioners and to members of the general public, who are increasingly asked to be participants in planning for and responding to disasters in their communities. The study will examine how individuals and groups improvise and make sense of startling events that are outside their experience. Thus the results will add to the knowledge base of how people cope with large-scale disasters. Results will also include recommendations on ways to enhance the ability to respond to disastrous events, not just in government agencies, but also in the private sector where the ability to respond promptly to disaster has strong national economic implications. Findings from the research will also be incorporated directly into the teaching at two universities where substantial disaster management education takes place, so that students will be able to implement the results of the study in professional settings.

2001年9月11日，世贸中心遭到袭击后，数十万通勤者被临时拼凑的船队从下曼哈顿疏散，这些船队包括渡轮、拖船、游艇、观光船和其他各种港口船只。在这一努力期间和之后，这些船只和其他船只将紧急救援人员和物资运送到该市，以协助救援和救济行动。这些活动需要个人、团体、私营公司和政府机构共同努力。有些国家以前这样做过，但许多国家没有这样做，但它们必须在巨大压力下组织起来，协调努力，面对不断变化和相互矛盾的信息，以及迫切需要采取行动。这个项目将研究他们如何完成疏散和随后的物资运输：他们如何建立新的关系或依赖旧的关系，他们如何暂停现有的程序并开发新的程序，他们如何收集和交换信息，以及他们如何利用旧知识和新灵感来形成一个快速即兴但有效的系统，以满足特殊危机的需求。这项研究的结果将是一个框架，用于了解个人和群体如何理解周围环境的突然变化，他们如何在复杂的环境中与他人沟通，以及他们如何制定新的战略来满足紧急情况的需要。这项研究的结果将有助于那些有兴趣了解和提高人们应对危机情况和应急管理能力的研究人员这些活动的目的是向从业人员和一般公众提供信息，他们越来越多地被要求参与其社区的灾害规划和应对工作。这项研究将研究个人和群体如何即兴发挥，并使他们的经验之外的惊人事件的意义。因此，研究结果将增加人们如何科普大规模灾害的知识基础。评估结果还将包括就如何提高政府机构以及私营部门应对灾害事件的能力提出建议，因为迅速应对灾害的能力对国家经济具有重大影响。研究结果还将直接纳入开展大量灾害管理教育的两所大学的教学中，以便学生能够在专业环境中实施研究结果。