Wood Identification Database Enhancement: Descriptions and Images of Fossil and Modern Woods

木材识别数据库增强：化石和现代木材的描述和图像

• 批准号: 0518386
• 负责人: Elisabeth Wheeler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0518386&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Wood; Identification; Database; Enhancement; Descriptions

North Carolina State University is awarded a grant to create an Internet-accessible fossil wood database with coded anatomical descriptions, to integrate images of fossil woods into that database, and enhance an existing modern wood database (5500 + records) by adding numerous recently contributed wood anatomical images. Protocols used for preparing the modern wood Oracle database, InsideWood (http://insidewood.lib.ncsu.edu/search), will be adapted for incorporating the fossil wood database (1500+ records) into the InsideWood web site. Images have been created and indexed in accordance with Library of Congress best practices for digital collections. Each of the 36,0000 + images in the database is linked via metadata tags to specimen information, taxonomic information, and contributor information. These databases have been developed with non-exclusive, open architecture to allow for long-term sustainability. The fossil wood database is the most complete compilation of information on fossil dicot wood anatomy. Making this database Internet accessible, accompanied by images and multiple search strategies, is significant for research into the past distribution and diversity of trees, shrubs, and vines, tracking evolutionary trends, and reconstructing ancient environments. The modern dicot wood database of InsideWood, which uses International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) terminology, is the most extensive internet-accessible compendium of wood anatomical information. This database also makes available for the first time wood descriptions and images of some threatened species of North American trees and shrubs not published elsewhere. A large image database of modern woods allows evaluation of wood anatomical characters for inclusion into phylogenetic analyses. These images are an invaluable addition to InsideWood's multiple-entry key for wood identification. This key is useful for determining the affinities of both fossil and modern dicot woods. Wood identification also helps archaeologists address questions about ancient vegetation and the context for human evolution, past uses of natural resources, and trade routes. Wood anatomical information is also used in a variety of research projects in forest biology and ecology. The InsideWood site provides instructors in botany, forest biology, and ecology courses with an extensive global encyclopedia of reliably identified photomicrographs. These images show wood anatomical diversity and illustrate structure-function relationships, and complement existing textbooks. With images and other information from InsideWood, instructors can create tutorials on wood anatomy and identification to incorporate into their curricula; students can use these data in research projects. InsideWood provides access to images of fossil wood for public programs at National and State Parks and museums. The image database and the multiple-entry wood identification key are also of practical significance for forensic scientists, customs agents, antique dealers, and museum curators who need to identify wood. Wood identification has legal or conservation implications, as timber identification is necessary for enforcing CITES regulations.

北卡罗来纳州州立大学获得一笔赠款，用于创建一个可通过互联网访问的化石木材数据库，其中包含编码的解剖描述，将化石木材的图像整合到该数据库中，并通过添加许多最近贡献的木材解剖图像来增强现有的现代木材数据库（5500多条记录）。用于编制现代木材甲骨文数据库InsideWood（http：//insidewood.lib.ncsu.edu/search）的议定书将加以调整，以便将化石木材数据库（1 500多项记录）纳入InsideWood网址。图像已根据美国国会图书馆数字收藏的最佳做法创建和索引。数据库中的36，0000多幅图像中的每一幅都通过元数据标签链接到标本信息、分类信息和贡献者信息。这些数据库是以非排他性的开放式架构开发的，以实现长期可持续性。化石木材数据库是关于化石双子叶植物木材解剖学的最完整的信息汇编。使该数据库可通过互联网访问，伴随着图像和多种搜索策略，对于研究树木，灌木和藤蔓的过去分布和多样性，跟踪进化趋势和重建古代环境具有重要意义。InsideWood的现代双子叶木材数据库使用国际木材解剖学家协会（IAWA）术语，是最广泛的互联网木材解剖信息概要。该数据库还首次提供了未在其他地方发表的北美树木和灌木的一些受威胁物种的木材描述和图像。现代木材的大型图像数据库允许木材解剖特征纳入系统发育分析的评价。这些图像是InsideWood的木材识别多项关键的宝贵补充。这个检索表对确定化石和现代双子叶植物的亲缘关系都很有用。木材鉴定还有助于考古学家解决有关古代植被和人类进化背景，过去使用自然资源和贸易路线的问题。木材解剖信息还用于森林生物学和生态学的各种研究项目。 InsideWood网站为植物学，森林生物学和生态学课程的教师提供了一个广泛的全球百科全书，其中包含可靠识别的显微照片。这些图像显示了木材解剖学的多样性，并说明了结构-功能关系，并补充了现有的教科书。通过InsideWood的图像和其他信息，教师可以创建有关木材解剖和识别的教程，并将其纳入课程;学生可以在研究项目中使用这些数据。InsideWood为国家和州立公园以及博物馆的公共项目提供化石木材的图像。图像数据库和多入口木材识别钥匙对于需要识别木材的法医科学家、海关人员、古董商和博物馆馆长也具有实际意义。木材鉴定具有法律的或保护意义，因为木材鉴定对于执行CITES法规是必要的。