Collaborative Research: Boundary-Layer Influences on Mountain Waves and Rotors

合作研究：边界层对山地波浪和转子的影响

• 批准号: 0521742
• 负责人: Shiyuan Zhong
• 金额: $ 20.89万
• 依托单位: University of Houston
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-11-01 至 2006-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0521742&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Boundary; Layer; Influences

This collaborative research project is as part of the international T-REX (Terrain- Induced Rotor Experiment), which is designed to improve understanding of gravity-wave induced rotors and lee waves in the Owens Valley east of the Sierra Nevada range. The research supported under this award will contribute to the achievement of the overall T REX by focusing on the diurnal structure and evolution of the boundary layer in the Owens Valley and its relation to mountain wave and rotor formation. The objectives of the this research are to investigate: 1) interactions between the mountain boundary layer in the deep Owens Valley and the formation of lee waves and rotors, 2) the interaction of wave/rotor flows and valley wind systems including diurnal thermally driven flows, channeled flows, and turbulent erosion of valley cold pools, and (3) the climatology of windstorm events in the Owens Valley and its relationship to synoptic weather events. These objectives will be met through observations, analysis, and modeling. The data analyses will involve both case study and climatological analyses in the Owens Valley and will benefit from insights gained by the investigators in their previous investigations of other valleys and basins. A mesoscale meteorological model will be used to interpret the observations, verify hypotheses, and provide further insight into physical mechanisms. The data required to meet these objectives will be collected as part of the T-REX field experiment to be conducted in March-April 2006. The Principal Investigators will assist in the planning and execution of the field experiment and make necessary measurements using a sodar/RASS, an energy budget station, and a network of 50 temperature data loggers as part of a integrated T-REX measurement network. The Principal Investigators will use the T-REX data along with longer-term routinely collected data from the Owens Valley, NCEP 3-hourly regional reanalysis data from 1979 through 2003, and data from the Sierra Rotor and Sierra Wave Projects. The T-REX field experiment, with its large component of continuously operating in situ and remote sensing equipment, will provide concurrent measurements of both the Owens Valley boundary layer and the lee wave/rotor conditions aloft. The different degrees of coupling that occur within the two-month experimental period will allow, for the first time, a comprehensive study of the effects of upper level disturbances on the valley boundary layer, and the effects of boundary layer evolution on lee wave/rotor characteristics. Previous studies of valley boundary layers have focused almost exclusively on undisturbed conditions. The experiments also will allow the first comprehensive evaluation of channeled flows in deep valleys and turbulent erosion at the top of valley cold air pools. Additionally, wind climatology analyses will focus on determining the synoptic conditions that lead to high wind events in the valley and on gaining an improved understanding of the bi-modal seasonal distribution of the high wind events, which are significant different from high wind events in the Central Rocky Mountains. Intellectual Merit: The proposed research will advance knowledge and understanding of the physical processes that affect temperature and wind field evolution in a deep valley on both wave and nonwave days. This increase in knowledge is expected to lead to improvement in the ability of models to adequately capture waves/rotors and their interaction with boundary layer dynamics. This will lead to improvements in weather forecasts for the western U.S. and throughout the world. The work explores innovative approaches and concepts and uses a combination of analyses of prior data, climatological analyses, comparison with data from other climate settings, collection of new data and numerical modeling to gain understanding. Broader Impacts: Broader societal impacts are promoted through the proposed integration of the research into university teaching, through the support of undergraduate and graduate students and through the promotion of investigator/student diversity. Project results will be widely disseminated through peer reviewed scientific publications and presentations, and the results have potential benefits to society through improved understanding of complex terrain boundary layer evolution with potential applications for air pollution dispersion, weather forecasting and climate.

这一合作研究项目是国际地形诱导旋翼实验T-REX的一部分，该实验旨在提高对内华达山脉以东欧文斯山谷中重力波诱导旋翼和背风波的了解。该奖项支持的研究将通过重点研究欧文斯山谷边界层的日结构和演变及其与山波和旋风形成的关系，为实现整个TREX做出贡献。本研究的目的是：1)欧文斯河谷深部山区边界层与背风波和旋风的形成之间的相互作用；2)波浪/旋涡流动与山谷风系统的相互作用，包括昼夜热驱动流、沟道流和山谷冷池的湍流侵蚀；(3)欧文斯河谷风暴事件的气候学及其与天气天气事件的关系。这些目标将通过观察、分析和建模来实现。数据分析将涉及欧文斯河谷的案例研究和气候分析，并将受益于调查人员在以前对其他山谷和盆地的调查中获得的见解。将使用中尺度气象模式来解释观测结果，验证假设，并提供对物理机制的进一步了解。实现这些目标所需的数据将作为将于2006年3月至4月进行的T-REX实地试验的一部分进行收集。首席调查员将协助规划和执行实地实验，并使用SODAR/RASS、能源预算站和50个温度数据记录仪组成的网络进行必要的测量，作为T-REX综合测量网络的一部分。首席调查员将使用T-REX数据以及从欧文斯山谷收集的较长期的常规数据、1979年至2003年NCEP每3小时一次的区域再分析数据以及来自塞拉转子和塞拉波项目的数据。T-REX现场实验的主要组成部分是连续运行的现场和遥感设备，它将同时测量欧文斯河谷边界层和高空背风波/旋翼的条件。在两个月的实验期内发生的不同程度的耦合将首次使我们能够全面地研究高空扰动对山谷边界层的影响，以及边界层演变对背风波/旋翼特性的影响。以前对山谷边界层的研究几乎完全集中在未受干扰的条件下。这些实验还将首次全面评估深谷中的沟槽流动和山谷冷气池顶部的湍流侵蚀。此外，风气候学分析将侧重于确定导致山谷大风事件的天气条件，并更好地了解大风事件的双峰季节分布，这与中部落基山脉的大风事件有很大不同。智力价值：拟议的研究将促进对影响深山谷中在波浪和非波浪日的温度和风场演变的物理过程的了解和理解。这一知识的增加可望改善模式充分捕捉波浪/旋翼及其与边界层动力学相互作用的能力。这将导致美国西部和世界各地天气预报的改善。这项工作探索了创新的方法和概念，并结合了对先前数据的分析、气候学分析、与其他气候环境中的数据的比较、新数据的收集和数值模拟，以获得理解。更广泛的影响：通过建议将研究纳入大学教学，通过支持本科生和研究生以及通过促进调查人员/学生的多样性，促进了更广泛的社会影响。项目成果将通过同行评议的科学出版物和演示文稿广泛传播，其成果将通过增进对复杂地形边界层演变的了解而对社会产生潜在的益处，并可能应用于空气污染扩散、天气预报和气候。