Anti-Sprawl Activists and Changing Patterns of Suburban Expansion: an Exploratory Analysis

反扩张活动家和郊区扩张模式的变化：探索性分析

• 批准号: 0523309
• 负责人: Thomas Rudel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Rutgers University New Brunswick
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0523309&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Anti; Sprawl; Activists; Changing; Patterns

With growth in the size and wealth of North America's human population after World War II, massive landscape transformations occurred, most notably outside of cities where loose coalitions of farmers, builders, and bankers converted farms and forests into subdivisions of single family homes. Alarmed by the accompanying environmental destruction, other citizens, organized into counter coalitions, have begun to oppose real estate development. The anti-sprawl activists try to prevent or slow development through open space preservation and down-zoning (an increase in minimum lot areas for houses). We know little about counter coalitions and their effects. Through case studies of anti-sprawl activists in four representative communities and a linked regional analysis of remotely sensed and census data, the principal investigators will address two key questions about the causes and effects of anti-sprawl activism. (1) What sorts of socio-economic and ecological circumstances give rise to counter coalitions and (2) what effects do their efforts to preserve rural landscapes have on the local quality of life? The expectations are that the research will confirm the existence of a new, lower density, more economically exclusionary sprawl in which open space preservation and down-zoning work in tandem to reduce the amount of new housing but not the amount of recently developed land. This interaction between open space preservation and down-zoning will be more evident in less developed, more affluent communities than in more developed communities and in small scale rather than large scale preservation efforts. More generally, this research responds to the contention by Duncan and Duncan (2001) and Teaford (1997) that environmental rhetoric and action in rural-urban fringe communities often masks and makes more acceptable the pursuit of an exclusionary social agenda. In this respect the Highlands project addresses several important questions about environmentalists as agents of change in the American landscape.

随着第二次世界大战后北美人口规模和财富的增长，发生了大规模的景观变化，最明显的是在城市之外，农民，建筑商和银行家的松散联盟将农场和森林转变为单一家庭住宅的细分。 由于对随之而来的环境破坏感到震惊，其他公民组成了反联盟，开始反对真实的房地产开发。 反扩张活动家试图通过开放空间保护和分区减少（增加房屋的最小地段面积）来阻止或减缓发展。我们对反联盟及其影响知之甚少。 通过对四个有代表性的社区的反无计划扩张活动家的案例研究以及对遥感和普查数据的相关区域分析，主要调查人员将解决关于反无计划扩张活动的原因和影响的两个关键问题。 (1)什么样的社会经济和生态环境引起了反联盟和（2）他们的努力，以保护农村景观对当地的生活质量有什么影响？ 人们的期望是，这项研究将证实存在一个新的，密度更低，经济上更具排斥性的蔓延，其中开放空间保护和降级区协同工作，以减少新住房的数量，但不是最近开发的土地的数量。 开放空间保护和降级区之间的这种相互作用在欠发达、较富裕的社区比在较发达的社区更明显，在小规模而不是大规模的保护工作中更明显。 更一般地说，这项研究回应了邓肯和邓肯（2001年）和蒂福德（1997年）的论点，即城乡边缘社区的环境言论和行动往往掩盖了对排斥性社会议程的追求，并使其更容易被接受。 在这方面，高地项目解决了几个重要的问题，环保主义者作为美国景观变化的代理人。