Collaborative Research: Supporting Rapid Transfer of Information and Responsibility

协作研究：支持信息和责任的快速转移

• 批准号: 0534797
• 负责人: Paul Gorman
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Oregon Health & Science University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-11-01 至 2009-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0534797&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Supporting; Rapid; Transfer

This is a project to understand essential issues related to rapid transfer of information and responsibilities in mission critical domains such as medical intensive care units, and to further our understanding of embedded technology as part of collaborative systems. Mission critical domains usually require continuous, high reliability operations in environments that are inherently unpredictable and sensitive to external events and threats. Examples of such domains include disaster responses, space missions, air transportation, military operations, industrial processing plants, financial institutions and hospitals. In such domains, information transfer always has implications for responsibility due to reliability and accountability requirements. Workers often convene under extreme time pressure with the need to communicate often-complicated, yet safety-critical information in a short period of time with maximum reliability and efficiency. Interactions during such convening are "critical discourses." Information technology plays an increasingly important role in supporting collaborative work. Designing next generation technology-embedded environments as part of collaborative systems depends upon our understanding of how rapid transfer of information and responsibility is achieved and how it might be enhanced, particularly during critical moments. The research will examine the phenomenon of critical discourses through field studies and field experimentation in one type of high stakes domain: intensive care units. The field studies are focused on essential issues related to rapid transfer of information and responsibilities, and the field experimentation is to further our understanding of embedded technology as part of collaborative systems.Critical discourses are carried out through and are shaped by the information arena. Field studies will delineate the roles of information objects, which are often created by workers themselves through adaptation of information technology and are part of joint cognitive environments created by workers. This phase of the research will investigate and contrast three different types of hospital rounds (walking-rounds, sit-down rounds, and discharge rounds), and extend the findings to information transfer during cardiac surgery. Ethnographic methodologies as well as analysis of video records of hospital rounds will be used to develop a conceptual model of how participants in critical discourses create and interact through the information arena to achieve information transfer and to negotiate common interpretation of information. The model will describe structures of extreme discourses and main shaping factors of structures, such as preparatory activities, time pressure, and barriers to timely access to information. It will also depict stages and modalities of information transfer. The field experimentation will interject a large computer display to enhance the information arena. Analysis of interaction patterns with the display will further develop the conceptual model of critical discourses. Information technology tools (e.g., large computerized displays and group decision-support systems) have typically been designed for tasks that are highly structured, with minimal time pressure and stable collaborators. Understanding critical discourses would provide insights for new generations of supporting tools that are likely to be used in mission critical domains. This research will deepen our understanding of information-transfer and responsibility-transfer in time-critical and safety-critical periods and provide new concepts and directions for the development of computer supported cooperative work tools that capitalize on the power of information technology. This will help information and computing technology improve safety and efficiency, and it will contribute to the general understanding of the role of information tools in joint cognition.

这是一个项目，旨在了解与关键任务领域(如医疗重症监护病房)的信息和责任的快速转移相关的基本问题，并加深我们对嵌入式技术作为协作系统的一部分的理解。任务关键域通常需要在本质上不可预测且对外部事件和威胁敏感的环境中进行连续、高可靠性的操作。这类领域的例子包括灾害应对、空间任务、空运、军事行动、工业加工厂、金融机构和医院。在这些领域，由于可靠性和问责制的要求，信息传输总是对责任产生影响。工作人员经常在极大的时间压力下召开会议，需要在短时间内以最高的可靠性和效率交流往往复杂但对安全至关重要的信息。在这样的会议期间进行的互动是“批判性话语”。信息技术在支持协同工作方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。将下一代技术嵌入环境设计为协作系统的一部分，取决于我们对如何实现信息和责任的快速转移以及如何加强这一点的理解，特别是在关键时刻。这项研究将通过实地研究和实地实验来检验一种高风险领域：重症监护病房中的批评性话语现象。实地研究的重点是与信息和责任的快速转移相关的基本问题，实地试验是为了加深我们对嵌入式技术作为协作系统的一部分的理解。批评性话语通过信息舞台进行，并由信息舞台塑造。实地研究将描绘信息对象的角色，信息对象通常是工人自己通过适应信息技术而创造的，是工人创造的联合认知环境的一部分。这一阶段的研究将调查和对比三种不同类型的医院查房(步行查房、坐着查房和出院查房)，并将研究结果扩展到心脏手术期间的信息传递。将使用人种学方法和对医院查房视频记录的分析来制定一个概念模型，说明关键讨论的参与者如何通过信息舞台创造和互动，以实现信息传递和谈判对信息的共同解释。该模式将描述极端话语的结构和结构的主要形成因素，如准备活动、时间压力和及时获取信息的障碍。它还将描述信息传递的阶段和方式。现场试验将插入一个大型计算机显示器，以增强信息舞台。分析与展示的互动模式将进一步发展批评性话语的概念模型。信息技术工具(如大型计算机化显示器和群体决策支持系统)通常是为高度结构化、时间压力最小和合作伙伴稳定的任务而设计的。理解关键话语将为可能在关键任务领域使用的新一代支持工具提供见解。这项研究将加深我们对时间关键期和安全关键期的信息传递和责任转移的理解，并为利用信息技术的力量开发计算机支持的协同工作工具提供新的概念和方向。这将有助于信息和计算技术提高安全性和效率，并有助于普遍理解信息工具在联合认知中的作用。