Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice

东方积冰的综合生物学研究

• 批准号: 0536870
• 负责人: Scott Rogers
• 金额: $ 15.54万
• 依托单位: Bowling Green State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-15 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0536870&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Comprehensive; Biological; Study; Vostok; Accretion

The large subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica is unique ecological site with a novel microbial biota. The temperatures, pressures and lack of light all select for organisms that may not exist anywhere else on Earth. The accretion ice (lake water frozen to the bottom of the lower surface of the glacier) has preserved microbial samples from each region of Lake Vostok as the glacier passes over and into the lake. Thus, without contaminating the lake with microorganisms from the surface, microbes originating from the lake can be collected, transported to the laboratory and studied. Two of the deepest ice cores sections in this project are part of the international allocation. The will be shared between four researchers (Sergey Bulat from Russia, Jean-Robert Petit and Daniel Prieur from France, Scott Rogers from USA). The United States team will study, isolate, and characterize bacteria, fungi, and viruses that have been sampled from the lake through the process of ice accretion to the lower surface of 3500+m thick glacier overriding the lake. The project will involve a suite of methods, including molecular, morphological, and cultural. This includes observation and description by fluorescence, light, and electron microscopy, isolation on thirteen separate cultural media, polymerase chain reaction amplification, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. Eleven accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections. As well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections represent all of the major regions of the lake that have been sampled by the accretion process in the vicinity of the Vostok 5G ice core. The broader impacts of the work relate to the impact the results will have on the filed. These long=isolated lakes, deep below the Antarctic ice sheet may contain novel uniquely adapted organisms. Glacial ice contains an enormous diversity of entrapped microbes, some of which may be metabolically active in the ice. The microbes from Lake Vostok are of special interest, since they are adapted to cold, dark, and high pressure. Thus, their enzyme systems and biochemical pathways may be significantly different from those in the microbes that are the subject of current studies. As such, these organisms may form compounds that may have useful applications. Also, study of the accretion ice, and eventually the water, from Lake Vostok will provide a basis for the study of other subglacial lakes. Additionally, study of the microbes in the accretion ice will be useful to those planning to study analogous systems on ice-covered planets and moons.

南极洲的大型冰下沃斯托克湖是独特的生态场所，拥有新颖的微生物群。 温度、压力和缺乏光线都选择了地球上其他地方可能不存在的生物体。 当冰川经过并进入湖时，积冰（冻结在冰川下表面底部的湖水）保存了来自沃斯托克湖每个区域的微生物样本。 因此，在不污染湖泊表面微生物的情况下，可以收集源自湖泊的微生物，并将其运送到实验室进行研究。 该项目中两个最深的冰芯部分是国际分配的一部分。 这些数据将由四位研究人员（来自俄罗斯的 Sergey Bulat、来自法国的 Jean-Robert Petit 和 Daniel Prieur、来自美国的 Scott Rogers）共享。 美国团队将研究、分离和表征细菌、真菌和病毒，这些细菌、真菌和病毒是在冰积聚到覆盖湖面的 3500 米厚冰川下表面的过程中从湖中采集的。 该项目将涉及一套方法，包括分子、形态和文化。 这包括通过荧光、光学和电子显微镜进行观察和描述、在 13 种独立培养基上进行分离、聚合酶链式反应扩增、DNA 测序和系统发育分析。 十一个增生冰芯部分，以及两个冰川冰芯部分。还将研究两个冰川冰芯部分。 将研究吸积冰芯部分以及两个冰川冰芯部分。 吸积冰芯部分代表了在 Vostok 5G 冰芯附近通过吸积过程采样的湖泊的所有主要区域。 这项工作的更广泛影响与结果对备案的影响有关。 这些位于南极冰盖深处的长期孤立的湖泊可能含有独特的新型生物体。 冰川冰含有多种多样的截留微生物，其中一些可能在冰中代谢活跃。 沃斯托克湖的微生物特别令人感兴趣，因为它们适应寒冷、黑暗和高压。 因此，它们的酶系统和生化途径可能与当前研究的微生物中的酶系统和生化途径显着不同。 因此，这些生物体可以形成具有有用应用的化合物。 此外，对沃斯托克湖积冰以及最终水的研究将为其他冰下湖泊的研究提供基础。 此外，对吸积冰中微生物的研究对于那些计划研究被冰覆盖的行星和卫星上的类似系统的人来说将是有用的。