Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice

南极洲巨大的冰下湖沃斯托克是一个独特的生态场所，拥有一个新的微生物生物群。 温度，压力和缺乏光线都选择了地球上其他地方可能不存在的生物。 当冰川经过并进入沃斯托克湖时，增积冰（湖水冻结在冰川下表面的底部）保存了沃斯托克湖每个区域的微生物样本。 因此，在不使湖泊被来自地表的微生物污染的情况下，可以收集来自湖泊的微生物，将其运送到实验室并进行研究。 该项目中最深的两个冰芯部分是国际分配的一部分。 这将由四名研究人员（来自俄罗斯的Sergey Bulat，来自法国的Jean-Robert Petit和丹尼尔Prieur，来自美国的Scott Rogers）分享。 美国研究小组将研究、分离和表征从湖泊中取样的细菌、真菌和病毒，这些样本是通过冰层堆积到覆盖湖泊的3500多米厚冰川的下表面的过程采集的。 该项目将涉及一套方法，包括分子，形态和文化。 这包括观察和描述的荧光，光，和电子显微镜，分离13个单独的培养基，聚合酶链反应扩增，DNA测序和系统发育分析。 11个加积冰芯剖面，以及两个冰川冰芯剖面。以及两个冰川冰芯部分将进行研究。 将研究加积冰芯剖面以及两个冰川冰芯剖面。 吸积冰芯部分代表了在东方5G冰芯附近通过吸积过程采样的湖泊的所有主要区域。 工作的更广泛影响与结果将对该领域产生的影响有关。 这些长=孤立的湖泊，深在南极冰盖下，可能含有新的独特适应生物。 冰川冰中含有大量的微生物，其中一些可能在冰中具有代谢活性。 来自东方湖的微生物特别有趣，因为它们适应寒冷，黑暗和高压。 因此，它们的酶系统和生化途径可能与目前研究的微生物中的酶系统和生化途径显著不同。 因此，这些生物体可形成可具有有用应用的化合物。 此外，对沃斯托克湖的积冰和最终水的研究将为其他冰下湖泊的研究提供基础。 此外，对吸积冰中微生物的研究将有助于那些计划在冰覆盖的行星和卫星上研究类似系统的人。

The large subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica is unique ecological site with a novel microbial biota. The temperatures, pressures and lack of light all select for organisms that may not exist anywhere else on Earth. The accretion ice (lake water frozen to the bottom of the lower surface of the glacier) has preserved microbial samples from each region of Lake Vostok as the glacier passes over and into the lake. Thus, without contaminating the lake with microorganisms from the surface, microbes originating from the lake can be collected, transported to the laboratory and studied. Two of the deepest ice cores sections in this project are part of the international allocation. The will be shared between four researchers (Sergey Bulat from Russia, Jean-Robert Petit and Daniel Prieur from France, Scott Rogers from USA). The United States team will study, isolate, and characterize bacteria, fungi, and viruses that have been sampled from the lake through the process of ice accretion to the lower surface of 3500+m thick glacier overriding the lake. The project will involve a suite of methods, including molecular, morphological, and cultural. This includes observation and description by fluorescence, light, and electron microscopy, isolation on thirteen separate cultural media, polymerase chain reaction amplification, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. Eleven accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections. As well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections represent all of the major regions of the lake that have been sampled by the accretion process in the vicinity of the Vostok 5G ice core. The broader impacts of the work relate to the impact the results will have on the filed. These long=isolated lakes, deep below the Antarctic ice sheet may contain novel uniquely adapted organisms. Glacial ice contains an enormous diversity of entrapped microbes, some of which may be metabolically active in the ice. The microbes from Lake Vostok are of special interest, since they are adapted to cold, dark, and high pressure. Thus, their enzyme systems and biochemical pathways may be significantly different from those in the microbes that are the subject of current studies. As such, these organisms may form compounds that may have useful applications. Also, study of the accretion ice, and eventually the water, from Lake Vostok will provide a basis for the study of other subglacial lakes. Additionally, study of the microbes in the accretion ice will be useful to those planning to study analogous systems on ice-covered planets and moons.