Rapid Decompression of Pressurized Magma and Laterally-Directed Blasts: Determining Required Initial Conditions and Predicting Hazards Using 3D Multi-Phase Numerical Simulations

加压岩浆和横向爆炸的快速减压：使用 3D 多相数值模拟确定所需的初始条件并预测危险

• 批准号: 0538125
• 负责人: Amanda Clarke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-12-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0538125&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Rapid; Decompression; Pressurized; Magma; Laterally

Intellectual Merit: Laterally-directed blasts are some of the most dangerous volcanic events ever documented, with large areas of complete devastation possible. Blasts are currently included in modern hazard assessments and maps at composite volcanoes, including Mt. Hood, Mt. Rainier and other US Cascades Range volcanoes, with potential impacts on large populations. However, few such events have been studied and observed in detail. The directed blast is a significant enigma in volcanology, with key questions remaining, including 1) What causes them to be laterally directed? 2) What controls their size? 3) How does local topography affect hazards to surrounding populations? The proposed work will answer specific questions about the two best-documented events to date (Soufriere Hills volcano, Montserrat, 1997 - SHV; Mount St. Helens, 1980 - MSH) and use comparisons between real volcanic events and numerical models to gain a generalized understanding of blast behavior. In the future, 3D numerical models of explosive eruptions will be important tools for predicting volcanic behavior and making more accurate hazards assessments. Broader Inpacts: This project promises to educate a young graduate student in quantitative, computational volcanology, preparing him or her for the increasingly numerical future of Earth science. The work will foster a productive, continuing US/European scientific collaboration, and will enable the US team to collaborate with a world-leader in numerical modeling technology.

智力优势：侧向爆炸是有史以来最危险的火山事件之一，可能会造成大面积的完全破坏。爆炸目前已被纳入现代危险评估和复合火山地图，包括Mt。胡德山雷尼尔火山和其他美国瀑布山脉火山，对大量人口的潜在影响。然而，很少有这样的事件被详细研究和观察。 定向爆炸是火山学中的一个重大谜团，关键问题仍然存在，包括1）是什么导致它们侧向定向？2)是什么控制了它们的大小？3)当地地形如何影响对周围人群的危害？ 拟议的工作将回答有关迄今为止两个记录最完整的事件（苏弗里埃山火山，蒙特塞拉特，1997年- SHV;圣海伦斯山，1980年- MSH）的具体问题，并利用真实的火山事件和数字模型之间的比较，以获得对爆炸行为的普遍了解。 未来，爆炸性喷发的三维数值模型将成为预测火山活动和进行更准确的灾害评估的重要工具。 更广泛的影响：这个项目承诺教育一个年轻的研究生在定量，计算火山学，准备他或她越来越多的数字地球科学的未来。 这项工作将促进美国/欧洲的持续科学合作，并使美国团队能够与数值建模技术的世界领先者合作。