Strategic Observers in the City: How They See and What They Do

城市的战略观察者：他们的看法和行动

• 批准号: 0542777
• 负责人: Harvey Molotch
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-01 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0542777&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Strategic; Observers; City; How; They

How do people working in public settings perceive and act on danger? To answer this question, this project will conduct in-depth field observations and intensive interviews with New York City subway workers across four different job types. The goals of this project are to (1) identify how people define dangerous situations (2) what actions they take in response to danger (3) and which individuals and groups they choose to rely on for assistance in dealing with danger. This research will also examine how organizational rules and practices, and official responses shape workers understandings of and reactions to danger. For decades, scholars have studied how different individuals and groups can minimize danger and promote security by creating informal groups and networks to monitor public settings. Today, these issues take on national importance as threats of urban terror and neighborhood crime have become everyday concerns. This project will use video, photography, and other methods to enhance field observations and interviews. The project holds intellectual merit as a qualitative examination that will illustrate how organizational rules and practices, and individual strategies can encourage different responses to danger. The research has broader impacts at the policy level and for developing a theory of watching. At the policy level, the findings of this study can help policymakers develop strategies for identifying and understanding peoples surveillance and observation work in creating security and mitigating danger. The systematic study of peoples observation work can provide theoretical and analytical insight into the diverse ways people take precautions for the safety of themselves and others around them. The findings of this study will be disseminated through website posting, briefings to policy-makers and elected officials, public presentations, and scholarly journals.

在公共场所工作的人是如何感知危险并采取行动的？为了回答这个问题，该项目将对纽约市四个不同工种的地铁工人进行深入的实地观察和密集采访。这个项目的目标是(1)确定人们如何定义危险情况(2)他们在应对危险时采取什么行动(3)以及他们在处理危险时选择依靠哪些个人和团体提供帮助。这项研究还将考察组织规则和实践以及官方回应如何塑造工人对危险的理解和反应。几十年来，学者们一直在研究不同的个人和团体如何通过创建非正式的团体和网络来监控公共环境，从而将危险降至最低，并提高安全性。今天，随着城市恐怖和社区犯罪的威胁已经成为人们日常关注的问题，这些问题变得具有国家重要性。该项目将使用视频、摄影和其他方法来加强实地观察和采访。该项目将智力价值作为一种定性检查，将说明组织规则和实践以及个人战略如何鼓励对危险的不同反应。这项研究在政策层面和发展观看理论方面都有更广泛的影响。在政策层面，这项研究的结果可以帮助政策制定者制定战略，以确定和了解人民在建立安全和减少危险方面的监测和观察工作。对人们观察工作的系统研究可以为人们为自己和周围人的安全采取各种预防措施提供理论和分析上的洞察。这项研究的结果将通过网站张贴、对政策制定者和民选官员的简报、公开演讲和学术期刊来传播。