How Women Attain Political Power: Understanding Women's Representation in Parliaments, 1893-2003

俄亥俄州立大学帕梅拉·帕克斯顿为什么女性在一些国家成功地获得了实质性的政治权力，而在另一些国家却没有？为了回答这个问题，该项目将模拟从1893年到2003年150多个国家的妇女进入议会机构的情况。该项目的目标有两个：(1)界定和衡量妇女在不同政治制度和时间内获得政治权力的情况，以及(2)审查哪些因素可以解释各国需要多长时间才能获得第一位女议员，并在其议会中实现10%、20%和30%的妇女。由此产生的项目数据集将包含有关女性选举权的数据，这是第一位女性议员，当女性达到重要的代表性里程碑时，如立法机构的10%、20%和30%，以及当女性获得高度显眼的政治职位，如总理、总统或议会议长。从1893年至2003年，将产生150多个国家的数据供分析，并将通过公共数据档案向其他研究人员提供。这些分析将把时间和历史纳入现有的跨国妇女和政治模式。事件历史分析将讨论妇女在各国和随着时间的推移获得政治权力的过程，询问这一过程在最初代表(第一名议会成员)和后来的增加(如10%的代表)方面是否有所不同，并承认社会、经济和政治发展可能需要时间来影响妇女的政治代表。该项目具有学术价值，是对解释女性随着时间的推移获得政治权力的因素的广泛、大规模、跨国调查。该项目将对学术研究人员、活动家和教育工作者产生广泛影响。这里生成的数据集将为其他研究女性、政治和权力的研究人员提供大量资源。这些分析将帮助学者和活动家确定提高妇女在政治中的代表性的前景，并为今后增加妇女担任政治职务的人数提出战略建议。最后，该项目将为教育工作者提供有关处于各种政治地位的妇女的全面的国际和历史信息。

SES - 0549973Pamela PaxtonOhio State UniversityWhy have women succeeded in obtaining substantial political power in some countries and not in others? To answer this question, this project will model women's inclusion into parliamentary bodies in over 150 countries from 1893 to 2003. The goals of the project are twofold: (1) to define and measure women's attainment of political power across political systems and time, and (2) to examine what factors explain how long it takes countries to acquire their first female parliamentarian, and to achieve ten, twenty, and thirty percent women in their parliament. The resulting project dataset will contain data on female suffrage, the first female member of parliament, when women reach important representational milestones, such as 10%, 20%, and 30% of a legislature, and when women achieve highly-visible political positions, such as prime minister, president, or head of parliament. Data will yield over 150 countries for analysis from 1893 to 2003 and will be made available to other researchers through a public data archive. The analyses will incorporate time and history into existing cross-national models of women and politics. Event history analyses will address the process by which women gain political power across countries and over time, ask whether this process differs for initial representation (first member of parliament) vs. later gains such as 10% representation, and acknowledge that social, economic, and political developments may take time to impact women's political representation. The project holds intellectual merit as an extensive, large-scale, cross-national investigation of the factors that explain women's attainment of political power over time.The project will have broad impact for academic researchers, activists, and educators. The dataset generated here will provide a substantial resource for other researchers who study women, politics, and power. The analyses will help academics and activists ascertain the prospects for women increasing their representation in politics and recommend strategies for increasing the number of women achieving political office in the future. Finally, the project will provide educators with comprehensive international and historical information on women in a variety of political positions.