Campaign Strategy and Impact in Mexico and Brazil

这项调查研究的性质和影响的竞选信息在新的民主国家，并产生一个新的数据集的竞选信息在以前未研究的情况下。主要调查员记录和编码竞选信息，收集选民参与的数据，并从2006年巴西和墨西哥的总统、州长和立法选举中吸取教训。由此产生的数据集被用来检查的影响，以及激励，积极和消极的竞选。具体而言，研究人员演示了选民学习，投票率和候选人的选择是如何受到竞选基调的影响，以及如何激励候选人去消极的不同在正式和非正式的机构。所得到的数据集也有许多其他研究问题的实用程序，并将被释放到公共领域。该项目利用与美国、巴西和墨西哥大学的合作关系，以最低的成本完成数据收集工作。该项目增强了对新兴民主国家的政治外交战略和影响的理解。这种理解尤其重要，原因有三。首先，新民主国家的政治运动实际上比巩固民主国家的运动更重要。在新兴国家，低党派和低信息水平意味着大部分选民在参加竞选活动时，预先存在的承诺和概念有限。 他们收到的竞选信息以及他们对这些信息的反应影响到更多的选民，比建立民主国家的选民影响更大。第二，本项目将美国两党制、单一选区制和多党制的竞选策略和影响力的理解进行了归纳。虽然仅限于两个国家，但本项目将从五种不同的选举制度中捕捉竞选信息，这些选举制度涉及传统和现代选举环境中少至两名、多至数百名候选人。这种变化与本提案中的几个特定假设有关，但也为未来学者使用这些资源增加了可能性。第三，这个项目是在巴西和墨西哥都处于一个独特而重要的时刻。这两个国家都面临着对政府的信任度下降，竞选信息的内容和性质可能会进一步削弱信任，或通过公开、民主的进程重振信任。更广泛的价值：这项研究为美国和拉丁美洲的学生提供了研究机会，代表性不足的群体大量参与。 研究人员创建了一个数据库，可供其他对该主题感兴趣的学者使用。

This investigation studies the nature and impact of campaign messages in new democracies, and generates a new dataset of campaign messages in a previously unstudied context. The Principal Investigator records and codescampaign messages and collects data on voter participation and learning from Brazil and Mexico's Presidential, Gubernatorial, and Legislative elections in 2006. The resulting dataset is used to examine the impact of, and the incentives for, negative and positive campaigning. Specifically, the researcher demonstrates how voter learning, turnout, and candidate choice are affected by campaigns tone, as well as how incentives for candidatesto go negative vary across formal and informal institutions. The resultingdataset also has utility for many other research questions and will be released into the public domain. The project leverages partnerships with universities in the United States, Brazil, and Mexico to accomplish this data-collection effort at minimal cost.This project enhances understanding of political campaignstrategy and impact in emerging democracies. Such understanding is especially important for three reasons. First, political campaigns in new democracies are in fact more important than campaigns in consolidated democracies. In emerging countries, low partisanship and low information levels mean that much of the electorate enters campaigns with limited pre-existing commitments and conceptions. The campaign information they receive and their response to it affects more voters, more dramatically than in established democracies. Second, this project helps generalize understandings of campaign strategy and impact from the US' two-party,single-member district context, to multiparty systems with alternative electoral systems.Though limited to two countries, the project will capture campaign messages from five different electoral systems involving as few as two or as many as hundreds of candidates for office, in both traditional and modern electoral environments. This variation is related to several specific hypotheses in this proposal, but also multiplies possibilities for future scholars using these resources. Third, this project comes at a unique and important moment for both Brazil and Mexico. Both countries face declining trust in government and the content and nature of campaign messages may further weaken trust or reinvigorate it through an open, democratic process. Broader Value: The study provides research opportunities for students in both the United States and Latin America, with substantial participation by underrepresented groups. The investigator creates a database that may be used by other scholars interested in the topic.