The Impact of Multinational Enterprise Strategy on Indigenous Enterprises: Horizontal Spillovers and Crowding out in Developing Countries

本项目旨在了解跨国企业对发展中国家的投资如何影响从事同一行业的本土企业。全球化的批评者已提请注意跨国公司投资对本土公司的潜在负面影响。例如，跨国公司可以带来激烈的竞争，利用稀缺资源，并为本来可以自己创业的个人提供就业机会。然而，跨国公司可以使同一行业的公司受益。例如，跨国公司可以加强当地的供应基础设施，使当地管理人员接触新技术和工作实践，或培训最终转到当地公司的员工。该项目的前提是，跨国公司的投资对同一行业的本土企业既有积极的影响，也有消极的影响。该项目旨在了解跨国公司的特点和战略如何影响正面和负面影响的发生程度。该项目包括对在加纳经营的跨国公司和本土公司进行大规模调查。此外，还将对加纳的跨国公司经理、本土公司的所有者和经理以及政策制定者进行面对面访谈，以便对统计结果进行透视，并编写用于教育目的的传播材料。了解跨国公司投资可能产生的影响，以及最有可能产生积极和消极影响的机制，将有助于发展中国家的决策者努力吸引外国投资，使跨国公司管理人员更深入地了解其活动对东道国的影响，并帮助本土公司的管理人员更好地应对跨国公司的进入。

This project seeks to understand how multinational enterprise (MNE) investment into a developing country affects indigenous firms operating in the same industry. Critics of globalization have drawn attention to the potential negative impact of MNE investment on indigenous firms. For instance, MNEs can pose strong competition, appropriate scarce resources, and offer employment alternatives to individuals who would otherwise found their own businesses. MNEs can, however, benefit firms in the same industry. For example, MNEs may strength the local supply infrastructure, expose local managers to new technologies and work practices, or train employees who eventually move to local companies. This project begins with the premise that MNE investments have both positive and negative impacts on indigenous firms in the same industry. The project seeks to understand how the characteristics and strategies of MNEs influence the degree to which positive and negative effects occur.The project includes a large-scale survey of MNEs and indigenous firms operating in Ghana. Additionally, in-person interviews of MNE managers, owners and managers of indigenous firms, and policy makers in Ghana will be undertaken in order to both put statistical results into perspective and develop materials to be disseminated for educational purposes. An understanding of the likely impacts of an MNE's investment, as well as the mechanisms by which positive and negative effects are most likely to occur, will assist developing countries' policy makers in their efforts to lure foreign investment, give MNE managers greater insight into the impact of their activities on host countries, and help managers of indigenous firms better respond to MNE entry.