PostDoctoral Research Fellowship: The Role of Group - Based Emotions in Middle-Class Afro-American Efforts to Address Their Obligation to the Black Community

美国国家科学基金会少数民族社会与行为科学博士后研究项目考察了基于群体的情感，特别是内疚和羞耻，在中产阶级非洲裔美国人努力解决他们对黑人社区的义务中的作用。过去对群体情感的研究表明，集体内疚需要承认对其他群体的伤害负有一定程度的群体内责任（Lickel, Schmader, Barquissau, 2004; Swim & Miller, 1999）。这些情绪可能会导致人们采取行动，努力纠正他们的错误（例如，捐赠时间/金钱）。这个项目提出，非裔美国人的群体情感也可以激发捐款。讨论了这些基于群体的情绪与主导群体成员报告的情绪之间的质的差异。在建立了适合于评估中产阶级非裔美国人群体情感的量表之后，接下来的研究将考察未能履行道德义务的作用，这可能导致这些群体情感和羞耻，以及这些情感与帮助非裔美国人的行为之间的关系。在研究1和2中，中产阶级非洲裔美国人应该如何帮助与非洲裔美国人认为他们会帮助多少的信念之间的差异被预测会导致对自我的负面看法将被评估。非裔美国人如果认为自己的群体没有尽到义务，就会产生基于群体的负罪感和羞耻感。研究3将评估信息类型和情绪之间的关系。据预测，那些认同非裔美国人社区有道德义务帮助非裔美国人的人情绪最强烈。对非裔美国人来说，群体身份越重要，他们就越应该感到有义务帮助其他非裔美国人。对于非裔美国中产阶级的成员来说，这可能尤其正确。这一关系将在研究4中进行研究。研究6和7将研究群体负罪感的后果。

This NSF Minority Post-Doctoral Fellowship Research project in the Social and Behavioral Sciences examines the role of group-based emotions, specifically guilt and shame, in middle class African Americans efforts to address their obligation to the Black community. Past research on group-based emotions has demonstrated that collective guilt requires acknowledgment of a degree of ingroup responsibility for harm against the othergroup (Lickel, Schmader, Barquissau, 2004; Swim & Miller, 1999). These emotions maylead the person to take action in an effort to correct their wrongdoings (i.e., donatetime/money). This project proposes that group-based emotions of African Americans can also motivate donations. Qualitative differences between these group-based emotions and those reported by dominant group members are discussed. After establishing scales appropriate for assessing middle class African American's group-based emotions, the studies that follow will examine the role of failure to live up to moral obligation which may result in these group-based emotions and shame and the relation between these emotions and actions to help African Americans. In Study 1 and 2, discrepancies between how middle class African Americans should help versus beliefs on how much African Americans perceive that they would help are predicted to lead to negative views of the self will be assessed. African Americans who believe their group is not satisfying obligations are predicted to lead to group-based guilt and shame. Study 3 will assess the relation between type of information and emotions. Emotions are predicted to be strongest for those who endorse moral obligation of the African American community to help African Americans. The more central group identity is to African Americans, the more they should feel obligated to help other African Americans. This may be particularly true for members of the African American middle class. This relationship will be investigated in Study 4. Studies 6 and 7 will examine the consequences of group based guilt.